University of Konstanz

About: University of Konstanz is a education organization based out in Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Membrane. The organization has 12115 authors who have published 27401 publications receiving 951162 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Constance & Universität Konstanz.

A Comparative Microphotometric Study of Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Levels in Type I, IIA and IIB Fibres of Mammalian and Human Muscles

Abstract: Activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were determined kinetically by means of comparative microphotometric measurements in situ. Activities were correlated with fibre types classified histochemically according to Brooke and Kaiser (1970). Analyses of tibialis anterior muscles in the mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat and the human showed pronounced variations in the activity profiles of type I, type IIA and IIB fibres of these muscles. Large scattering of enzyme activity existed in the three fibre populations. Overlaps of varying extent were found for the SDH profiles between the different muscles. Type I fibres reveal species diffeences in aerobic oxidative capacity. Whereas the majority of the IIB fibres in rabbit muscle tended to be low in SDH activity, the main fraction of this fibre population was characterized by high activities in mouse muscle. Similarly, the IIA fibre populations revealed opposite properties in mouse and rabbit muscles. These extremes as well as intermediate activity patterns indicate that no general scheme exists according to which the histochemically assessable myosin ATPase is correlated with the aerobic oxidative capacity of muscle fibres in various mammalian muscles.

Asymmetric relationships among perceptions of facial identity, emotion, and facial speech.

Abstract: Effects of variation in an irrelevant stimulus dimension on judgments of faces with respect to a relevant dimension were investigated. Dimensions were identity, emotional expression, and facial speech. The irrelevant dimension was correlated with, constant, or orthogonal to the relevant one. Reaction times (RTs) were predicted to increase over these conditions to the extent that the relevant dimension could not be processed independently of the irrelevant one. RTs for identity judgments were independent of variation in expression or facial speech, but RTs for expression and facial speech judgments were influenced by identity variation. Facial speech perception was affected by identity even when variation in the mouth region was eliminated. Moreover, observers could judge speech faster for personally familiar faces than for unfamiliar faces. The results suggest asymmetric dependencies between different components of face perception. Identity is perceived independently of, but may exert an influence on, expression and facial speech analysis.

Shifting the Blame: On Delegation and Responsibility

Abstract: To fully understand the motives for delegating a decision right, it is important to study responsibility attributions for outcomes of delegated decisions. We conducted an experiment in which subjects were able to delegate the choice between a fair or unfair allocation, and used a punishment option to elicit responsibility attributions. Our results show that, first, responsibility attribution can be effectively shifted and, second, this constitutes a powerful motive for the delegation of a decision right. Furthermore, we propose a formal measure of responsibility and show that this measure outperforms measures based on outcome or intention in predicting punishment behavior.