Showing papers by "University of Paris published in 2000"
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TL;DR: The LV5FU2-oxaliplatin combination seems beneficial as first-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer, demonstrating a prolonged progression-free survival with acceptable tolerability and maintenance of QoL.
Abstract: PURPOSE: In a previous study of treatment for advanced colorectal cancer, the LV5FU2 regimen, comprising leucovorin (LV) plus bolus and infusional fluorouracil (5FU) every 2 weeks, was superior to the standard North Central Cancer Treatment Group/Mayo Clinic 5-day bolus 5FU/LV regimen. This phase III study investigated the effect of combining oxaliplatin with LV5FU2, with progression-free survival as the primary end point. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred twenty previously untreated patients with measurable disease were randomized to receive a 2-hour infusion of LV (200 mg/m2/d) followed by a 5FU bolus (400 mg/m2/d) and 22-hour infusion (600 mg/m2/d) for 2 consecutive days every 2 weeks, either alone or together with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion on day 1. RESULTS: Patients allocated to oxaliplatin plus LV5FU2 had significantly longer progression-free survival (median, 9.0 v 6.2 months; P = .0003) and better response rate (50.7% v 22.3%; P = .0001) when compared with the control arm. The imp...
3,738 citations
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TL;DR: A gene therapy trial for SCID-X1 was initiated, based on the use of complementary DNA containing a defective gammac Moloney retrovirus-derived vector and ex vivo infection of CD34+ cells, which provided full correction of disease phenotype and clinical benefit.
Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficiency-X1 (SCID-X1) is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by an early block in T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte differentiation. This block is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the gammac cytokine receptor subunit of interleukin-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15 receptors, which participates in the delivery of growth, survival, and differentiation signals to early lymphoid progenitors. After preclinical studies, a gene therapy trial for SCID-X1 was initiated, based on the use of complementary DNA containing a defective gammac Moloney retrovirus-derived vector and ex vivo infection of CD34+ cells. After a 10-month follow-up period, gammac transgene-expressing T and NK cells were detected in two patients. T, B, and NK cell counts and function, including antigen-specific responses, were comparable to those of age-matched controls. Thus, gene therapy was able to provide full correction of disease phenotype and, hence, clinical benefit.
2,639 citations
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Fukuoka University1, McMaster University2, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research3, Fox Chase Cancer Center4, National Institutes of Health5, University of Leeds6, University of Cincinnati7, University of Paris8, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven9, Shiga University of Medical Science10, Niigata University11, Seoul National University12, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg13, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital14, University of Florida15, University of California, Los Angeles16, University of Vienna17, University of Innsbruck18, Northwick Park Hospital19, Karolinska Institutet20, Hokkaido University21, University of Helsinki22, Kyoto University23
TL;DR: The differences between Western and Japanese pathologists in the diagnostic classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplastic lesions can be resolved largely by adopting the proposed terminology, which is based on cytological and architectural severity and invasion status.
Abstract: Background—Use of the conventional Western and Japanese classification systems of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia results in large diVerences among pathologists in the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal neoplastic lesions. Aim—To develop common worldwide terminology for gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. Methods—Thirty one pathologists from 12 countries reviewed 35 gastric, 20 colorectal, and 21 oesophageal biopsy and resection specimens. The extent of diagnostic agreement between those with Western and Japanese viewpoints was assessed by kappa statistics. The pathologists met in Vienna to discuss the results and to develop a new consensus terminology. Results—The large diVerences between the conventional Western and Japanese diagnoses were confirmed (percentage of specimens for which there was agreement and kappa values: 37% and 0.16 for gastric; 45% and 0.27 for colorectal; and 14% and 0.01 for oesophageal lesions). There was much better agreement among pathologists (71% and 0.55 for gastric; 65% and 0.47 for colorectal; and 62% and 0.31 for oesophageal lesions) when the original assessments of the specimens were regrouped into the categories of the proposed Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: (1) negative for neoplasia/dysplasia, (2) indefinite for neoplasia/dysplasia, (3) non-invasive low grade neoplasia (low grade adenoma/ dysplasia), (4) non-invasive high grade neoplasia (high grade adenoma/ dysplasia, non-invasive carcinoma and suspicion of invasive carcinoma), and (5) invasive neoplasia (intramucosal carcinoma, submucosal carcinoma or beyond). Conclusion—The diVerences between Western and Japanese pathologists in the diagnostic classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplastic lesions can be resolved largely by adopting the proposed terminology, which is based on cytological and architectural severity and invasion status. (Gut 2000;47:251‐255)
1,940 citations
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TL;DR: The numerical implementation of the model of brittle fracture developed in Francfort and Marigo (1998) is presented in this paper, where various computational methods based on variational approximations of the original functional are proposed.
Abstract: The numerical implementation of the model of brittle fracture developed in Francfort and Marigo (1998. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46 (8), 1319–1342) is presented. Various computational methods based on variational approximations of the original functional are proposed. They are tested on several antiplanar and planar examples that are beyond the reach of the classical computational tools of fracture mechanics.
1,617 citations
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TL;DR: It was concluded that in mechanically ventilated patients with acute circulatory failure related to sepsis, analysis of DeltaPp is a simple method for predicting and assessing the hemodynamic effects of VE, and that DeltaP p is a more reliable indicator of fluid responsiveness than DeltaPs.
Abstract: In mechanically ventilated patients with acute circulatory failure related to sepsis, we investigated whether the respiratory changes in arterial pressure could be related to the effects of volume expansion (VE) on cardiac index (CI). Forty patients instrumented with indwelling systemic and pulmonary artery catheters were studied before and after VE. Maximal and minimal values of pulse pressure (Pp(max) and Pp(min)) and systolic pressure (Ps(max) and Ps(min)) were determined over one respiratory cycle. The respiratory changes in pulse pressure (DeltaPp) were calculated as the difference between Pp(max) and Pp(min) divided by the mean of the two values and were expressed as a percentage. The respiratory changes in systolic pressure (DeltaPs) were calculated using a similar formula. The VE-induced increase in CI was >/= 15% in 16 patients (responders) and < 15% in 24 patients (nonresponders). Before VE, DeltaPp (24 +/- 9 versus 7 +/- 3%, p < 0.001) and DeltaPs (15 +/- 5 versus 6 +/- 3%, p < 0.001) were higher in responders than in nonresponders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that DeltaPp was a more accurate indicator of fluid responsiveness than DeltaPs. Before VE, a DeltaPp value of 13% allowed discrimination between responders and nonresponders with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 96%. VE-induced changes in CI closely correlated with DeltaPp before volume expansion (r(2) = 0. 85, p < 0.001). VE decreased DeltaPp from 14 +/- 10 to 7 +/- 5% (p < 0.001) and VE-induced changes in DeltaPp correlated with VE-induced changes in CI (r(2) = 0.72, p < 0.001). It was concluded that in mechanically ventilated patients with acute circulatory failure related to sepsis, analysis of DeltaPp is a simple method for predicting and assessing the hemodynamic effects of VE, and that DeltaPp is a more reliable indicator of fluid responsiveness than DeltaPs.
1,178 citations
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TL;DR: Nifedipine once daily and co-amilozide were equally effective in preventing overall cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications in high-risk patients with hypertension.
1,169 citations
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21 Aug 2000TL;DR: In the ambient logic of classical second order propositional calculus, the specification problem for a family of excluded middle like tautologies is solved and these are shown to be realized by sequential simulations of specific communication schemes for which they provide a safe typing mechanism.
Abstract: In the ambient logic of classical second order propositional calculus, we solve the specification problem for a family of excluded middle like tautologies. These are shown to be realized by sequential simulations of specific communication schemes for which they provide a safe typing mechanism.
1,119 citations
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TL;DR: Results suggest that, as for leptin, circulating IL-6 concentrations reflect, at least in part, adipose tissue production reduced after weight loss, and could play a role in the improved sensitivity to insulin observed in these patients.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of adipose cytokines in the obesity-associated insulin resistance. To that end, we compared: 1) serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), and leptin in eight healthy lean control females and in android obese female without (n 5 14) and with (n 5 7) type 2 diabetes; and 2) the levels of these cytokines both in serum and in sc adipose tissue in the 14 obese nondiabetic women before and after 3 weeks of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). As compared with lean controls, obese nondiabetic and diabetic patients were more insulin resistant and presented increased values for leptin, IL-6, TNFa, and C-reactive protein. In the whole group, IL-6 values were more closely related to the parameters evaluating insulin resistance than leptin or TNFa values. VLCD resulted in weight loss and decreased body fat mass (;3 kg). Insulin sensitivity was improved with no significant change in both serum and adipose tissue TNFa levels. In contrast, VLCD induced significant decreases in IL-6 and leptin levels in both adipose tissue and serum. These results suggest that, as for leptin, circulating IL-6 concentrations reflect, at least in part, adipose tissue production. The reduced production and serum concentrations after weight loss could play a role in the improved sensitivity to insulin observed in these patients. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3338 ‐3342, 2000)
1,099 citations
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Brown University1, University of New South Wales2, University of Barcelona3, Columbia University4, Harvard University5, International AIDS Society6, Stanford University7, University of British Columbia8, University of California, San Diego9, University of Alabama at Birmingham10, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro11, University of Colorado Denver12, Istituto Superiore di Sanità13, University of Paris14, University of California, San Francisco15
TL;DR: The availability of new antiretroviral drugs has expanded treatment choices and the importance of adherence, emerging long-term complications of therapy, recognition and management of antireTroviral failure, and new monitoring tools are addressed.
Abstract: Objective To update recommendations for antiretroviral therapy for adult human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, based on new information
and drugs that are available.
Participants
A 17-member international physician panel with antiretroviral research
and HIV patient care experience initially convened by the International AIDS
Society–USA in December 1995.
Evidence
Available clinical and basic science data including phase 3 controlled
trials; data on clinical, virologic, and immunologic end points; research
conference reports; HIV pathogenesis data; and panel expert opinion. Recommendations
were limited to therapies available (US Food and Drug Administration approved)
in 1999.
Consensus Process
The panel assesses new research reports and interim results and regularly
meets to consider how the new data affect therapy recommendations. Recommendations
are updated via full-panel consensus. Guidelines are presented as recommendations
if the supporting evidence warrants routine use in the particular situation
and as considerations if data are preliminary or incomplete but suggestive.
Conclusions
The availability of new antiretroviral drugs has expanded treatment
choices. The importance of adherence, emerging long-term complications of
therapy, recognition and management of antiretroviral failure, and new monitoring
tools are addressed. Optimal care requires individualized management and ongoing
attention to relevant scientific and clinical information in the field.
1,066 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the cosmology of three-brane universes was investigated and the authors showed that the cosmological properties of such branes are different from standard cosmology and identified the reasons behind this difference.
999 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the cosmology of a 3-brane universe with a cosmological constant and showed that the Friedmann equation admits a first integral, analogous to the first Friedmann equations, which governs the evolution of the metric in the brane.
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TL;DR: The use of AGP transgenic animals enabled to address in vivo, functionality of responsive elements and tissue specificity, as well as the effects of drugs that bind to AGP and will be an useful tool to determine the physiological role ofAGP.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the risk of death of toxic epidermal necrolysis patients can be accurately predicted by the toxic epidescent severity-of-illness score, and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score and burn score appear to be less adequate.
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TL;DR: Recipients of cord-blood transplants from HLA-identical siblings have a lower incidence of acute and chronic GVHD than recipients of bone marrow transplant from H LA-Identical siblings.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Umbilical-cord blood as an alternative to bone marrow for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation may lower the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). METHODS We studied the records of 113 recipients of cord blood from HLA-identical siblings from the period from 1990 through 1997 and compared them with the records of 2052 recipients of bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings during the same period. The study population consisted of children 15 years of age or younger. We compared the rates of GVHD, hematopoietic recovery, and survival using Cox proportional-hazards regression to adjust for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS Recipients of cord blood were younger than recipients of bone marrow (median age, 5 years vs. 8 years; P<0.001), weighed less (median weight, 17 kg vs. 26 kg; P<0.001), and were less likely to have received methotrexate for prophylaxis against GVHD (28 percent vs. 65 percent, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a lower risk of acute GVHD (relative risk, 0.41; P=0.001) and chronic GVHD (relative risk, 0.35; P=0.02) among recipients of cord-blood transplants. As compared with recovery after bone marrow transplantation, the likelihood of recovery of the neutrophil count and the platelet count was significantly lower in the first month after cord-blood transplantation (relative risk, 0.40 [P<0.001], and relative risk, 0.20 [P<0.001]), respectively. Mortality was similar in the two groups (relative risk of death in the recipients of cord blood, 1.15; P=0.43). CONCLUSIONS Recipients of cord-blood transplants from HLA-identical siblings have a lower incidence of acute and chronic GVHD than recipients of bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings.
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TL;DR: Being able to more accurately predict DMV may improve the safety of airway management and prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during positive-pressure mask ventilation under general anesthesia.
Abstract: Background: Maintenance of airway patency and oxygenation are the main objectives of face-mask ventilation. Because the incidence of difficult mask ventilation (DMV) and the factors associated with it are not well known, we undertook this prospective study. Methods: Difficult mask ventilation was defined as the inability of an unassisted anesthesiologist to maintain the measured oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry > 92% or to prevent or reverse signs of inadequate ventilation during positive-pressure mask ventilation under general anesthesia. A univariate analysis was performed to identify potential factors predicting DMV, followed by a multivariate analysis, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: A total of 1,502 patients were prospectively included. DMV was reported in 75 patients (5%; 95% confidence interval, 3.9 ‐ 6.1%), with one case of impossible ventilation. DMV was anticipated by the anesthesiologist in only 13 patients (17% of the DMV cases). Body mass index, age, macroglossia, beard, lack of teeth, history of snoring, increased Mallampati grade, and lower thyromental distance were identified in the univariate analysis as potential DMV risk factors. Using a multivariate analysis, five criteria were recognized as independent factors for a DMV (age older than 55 yr, body mass index > 26 kg/m 2 , beard, lack of teeth, history of snoring), the presence of two indicating high likelihood of DMV (sensitivity, 0.72; specificity, 0.73). Conclusion: In a general adult population, DMV was reported in 5% of the patients. A simple DMV risk score was established.
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Harvard University1, University of Paris2, Columbia University3, University of Colorado Denver4, University College London5, University of Pittsburgh6, Autonomous University of Barcelona7, University of British Columbia8, University of Rochester9, Istituto Superiore di Sanità10, International AIDS Society11, University of California, San Diego12
TL;DR: The International AIDS Society-USA 13-member physician panel with expertise in basic science, clinical research, and patient care involving HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs was reconvened to provide recommendations for the clinical use of drug resistance testing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ObjectiveAssays for drug resistance testing in human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (HIV-1) infection are now available and clinical studies suggest that viral
drug resistance is correlated with poor virologic response to new therapy.
The International AIDS Society–USA sought to update prior recommendations
to provide guidance for clinicians regarding indications for HIV-1 resistance
testing.ParticipantsAn International AIDS Society–USA 13-member physician panel with
expertise in basic science, clinical research, and patient care involving
HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs was reconvened to provide recommendations
for the clinical use of drug resistance testing.Evidence and Consensus ProcessThe full panel met regularly between January and October 1999. Resistance
and resistance testing data appearing in the last decade through April 2000
and presentations at national and international research conferences were
reviewed. Recommendations and considerations were developed by 100% group
consensus, acknowledging that definitive data to support final recommendations
are not yet available.ConclusionsEmerging data indicate that despite limitations, resistance testing
should be incorporated into patient management in some settings. Resistance
testing is recommended to help guide the choice of new regimens after treatment
failure and for guiding therapy for pregnant women. It should be considered
in treatment-naive patients with established infection, but cannot be firmly
recommended in this setting. Testing also should be considered prior to initiating
therapy in patients with acute HIV infection, although therapy should not
be delayed pending the results. Expert interpretation is recommended given
the complexity of results and assay limitations.
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TL;DR: Patient information is frequently not communicated effectively to family members by ICU physicians, and physicians should strive to identify patients and families who require special attention and to determine how their personal style of interrelating with family members may impair communication.
Abstract: ObjectiveEffective communication of simple, clear information to families of intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a vital component of quality care. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with poor comprehension by family members of the status of ICU patients.DesignProspective
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Western Washington University1, Queen Mary University of London2, University of Reading3, Wageningen University and Research Centre4, Macquarie University5, Colorado State University6, Landcare Research7, University of Georgia8, University of Zimbabwe9, University of Paris10, Utrecht University11, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic12, University of California, Berkeley13, Michigan State University14, University of Giessen15
TL;DR: For example, the authors of the paper as discussed by the authors presented the results of a study at the Netherlands Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ZG Heteren) and the University of Utrecht (UTHeteren).
Abstract: Assistant professor in the Department of Biology at Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9160 10: Professor at the Laboratoire d'Ecologie de Sols Tropicaux, ORSTOM/Universite Paris VI, 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy, France 11: Senior scientist at the Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands Utrecht, Netherlands 12: Professor at the Department of Environmental Studies, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands 13: Professor at the Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic 14: Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, Policy,and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3110 15: Professor at the Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 540 Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1325 16: Professor at the Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany 2: Professor at the Queen Mary and Westfield College, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom 3: Research professor and the director of the Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom 4: Professor of Soil Biology and Biological Soil Quality and director of the Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 EC Wageningen, Netherlands 5: Professor at the Centre for Biodiversity and Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia 6: Chair, SCOPE Committee on Soil and Sediment Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning, and professor and director, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 7: Scientist at Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand 8: Research professor in the Institute of Ecology at the University of Georgia, 102 Ecology Annex, Athens, Georgia 30602-2360 9: Professor at the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that interpersonal exchanges of resources between R&D scientists across organizational boundaries can represent intellectual capital leaks, and they propose a grounded theoretical framework to identify such leaks.
Abstract: Though key to fostering innovation, interpersonal exchanges of resources between R&D scientists across organizational boundaries can represent intellectual capital leaks. A grounded theoretical fra...
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TL;DR: In the reported series of 35 cases bone reconstruction of large diaphyseal defects was performed in two stages, the insertion into the defect of a cement spacer which was responsible for the formation of a pseudosynovial membrane prevented the resorption of the graft and favors its vascularity and its corticalisation.
Abstract: In the reported series of 35 cases bone reconstruction of large diaphyseal defects was performed in two stages. The first stage was the insertion into the defect of a cement spacer which was responsible for the formation of a pseudosynovial membrane. The second stage was the reconstruction of the defect by a huge fresh autologous cancellous bone graft. The membrane induced by the spacer prevents the resorption of the graft and favors its vascularity and its corticalisation. In weight bearing diaphyseal segments the normal walking was possible at 8.5 months on average. The length of the reconstructed defects was 4 to 25 cm.
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TL;DR: Most cases of familial incontinentia pigmenti are due to mutations of this locus and that a new genomic rearrangement accounts for 80% of new mutations, which means that NF-κB activation is defective in IP cells.
Abstract: Familial incontinentia pigmenti (IP; MIM 308310) is a genodermatosis that segregates as an X-linked dominant disorder and is usually lethal prenatally in males. In affected females it causes highly variable abnormalities of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, eyes and central nervous system. The prominent skin signs occur in four classic cutaneous stages: perinatal inflammatory vesicles, verrucous patches, a distinctive pattern of hyperpigmentation and dermal scarring. Cells expressing the mutated X chromosome are eliminated selectively around the time of birth, so females with IP exhibit extremely skewed X-inactivation. The reasons for cell death in females and in utero lethality in males are unknown. The locus for IP has been linked genetically to the factor VIII gene in Xq28 (ref. 3). The gene for NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator)/IKKgamma (IkappaB kinase-gamma) has been mapped to a position 200 kilobases proximal to the factor VIII locus. NEMO is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and is therefore central to many immune, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Here we show that most cases of IP are due to mutations of this locus and that a new genomic rearrangement accounts for 80% of new mutations. As a consequence, NF-kappaB activation is defective in IP cells.
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TL;DR: Compared with historical control subjects, patients who undergo thrombolysis within 6 hours of infarction onset may have a reduced risk of later VSD, and patients with VSDs selected for surgical repair had better outcomes than patients treated medically.
Abstract: Background —Ventricular septal defect (VSD) complicating acute myocardial infarction has been studied primarily in small, prethrombolytic-era trials. Our goal was to determine clinical predictors and angiographic and clinical outcomes of this complication in the thrombolytic era. Methods and Results —We compared enrollment characteristics, angiographic patterns, and outcomes (30-day and 1-year mortality) of patients enrolled in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial with and without a confirmed diagnosis of VSD. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess relations between enrollment factors and the development of VSD. In all, 84 of the 41 021 patients (0.2%) developed VSD, a smaller percentage than reported in the prethrombolytic era. The median time from symptom onset to VSD diagnosis was 1 day. Enrollment factors most associated with this complication were advanced age, anterior infarction, female sex, and no previous smoking. The infarct artery was more often the left anterior descending and more likely to be totally occluded in patients who developed VSD. Mortality at 30 days was higher in patients with VSDs than in those without this complication (73.8% versus 6.8%, P Conclusions —Compared with historical control subjects, patients who undergo thrombolysis within 6 hours of infarction onset may have a reduced risk of later VSD. If patients develop this mechanical complication, however, it typically occurs sooner than described in the prethrombolytic era. Despite improvements in medical therapy and percutaneous and surgical techniques, mortality with this complication remains extremely high.
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TL;DR: At the scale of years to decades and soil profile, it appears that the drilosphere can exert an important regulation on OM incorporation and turnover rates, and soil C stocks.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that time reversal invariance can be exploited in acoustics to create a variety of useful instruments as well as elegant experiments in pure physics, and they describe time reversal cavities and mirrors together with a comparison between time reversal and phase conjugation.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to show that time reversal invariance can be exploited in acoustics to create a variety of useful instruments as well as elegant experiments in pure physics. Section 1 is devoted to the description of time reversal cavities and mirrors together with a comparison between time reversal and phase conjugation. To illustrate these concepts, several experiments conducted in multiply scattering media, waveguides and chaotic cavities are presented in section 2. Applications of time reversal mirrors (TRMs) in hydrodynamics are then presented in section 3. Section 4 is devoted to the application of TRMs in pulse echo detection. A complete theory of the iterative time reversal mode is presented. It will be explained how this technique allows for focusing on different targets in a multi-target medium. Another application of pulse echo TRMs is presented in this section: how to achieve resonance in an elastic target? Section 5 explores the medical applications of TRMs in ultrasonic imaging, lithotripsy and hyperthermia and section 6 shows the promising applications of TRMs in nondestructive testing of solid samples.
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TL;DR: A constructive procedure to separate overlapping infrared divergences in multi-loop integrals by implementing it into algebraic manipulation programs and applying it to calculate numerically some nontrivial 2-loop 4-point and 3-loop 3-point Feynman diagrams.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a formulation of gauge theory on noncommutative spaces based on the notion of covariant coordinates is introduced, and a Seiberg-Witten map is established in all cases.
Abstract: We introduce a formulation of gauge theory on noncommutative spaces based on the notion of covariant coordinates. Some important examples are discussed in detail. A Seiberg-Witten map is established in all cases.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the price for a claim C as the smallest real number p such that supπE[U(XTx+p,π−C)]≥ supπ E[U[XTx,π]], where U is the negative exponential utility function and Xx, π is the wealth associated with portfolio π and initial value x.
Abstract: In a financial market model with constraints on the portfolios, define the price for a claim C as the smallest real number p such that supπ E[U(XTx+p, π−C)]≥ supπ E[U(XTx, π)], where U is the negative exponential utility function and Xx, π is the wealth associated with portfolio π and initial value x. We give the relations of this price with minimal entropy or fair price in the flavor of Karatzas and Kou (1996) and superreplication. Using dynamical methods, we characterize the price equation, which is a quadratic Backward SDE, and describe the optimal wealth and portfolio. Further use of Backward SDE techniques allows for easy determination of the pricing function properties.
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TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic-dipole probabilities for carbon-like and oxygen-like ions were calculated up to atomic number Z = 12, including relativistic corrections to the magnetic dipole operator.
Abstract: The magnetic-dipole probabilities for the D-1(2)-P-3(2) and D-1(2)-P-3(1) transitions in carbon-like and oxygen-like ions are calculated up to atomic number Z = 12, including relativistic corrections to the magnetic dipole operator. The ratio of the probabilities for these two transitions is found to change by up to 5 per cent compared with previous theoretical work, none of which included these relativistic corrections, with the effect being largest for the near neutral ions. The transition probability ratio for the [O III] 5007 and 4959 Angstrom lines is found to be 3.01, implying an intensity ratio of 2.98, in significantly better agreement with the observed ratio than the earlier theoretical work.