Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Evaluation of muscle damage after a rugby match with special reference to tackle plays

Abstract: Objective: To investigate blood indices of muscle damage after a competitive rugby match. Methods: Fifteen elite amateur rugby players volunteered to participate (mean (SE) age 26.6 (0.7) years, height 179.8 (1.0) cm, weight 87.4 (2.2) kg, and VO2MAX 58.5 (1.2) ml/kg/min). The study was conducted after two competitive matches during the 1999–2000 season. Plasma concentrations of lactate, potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and myoglobin, and the activity of creatine kinase were measured before and after the matches. In addition, the number of tackles by and on each subject and the average duration of the work and rest periods were analysed using video recordings of the matches. Results: Myoglobin concentration and creatine kinase activity showed appreciable transient increases after the match. Peak values for myoglobin concentration (980 (166) µg/l) and creatine kinase activity (1081 (159) U/l) were observed 45 minutes and 24 hours after the match respectively. Positive and significant correlations were observed between the number of tackles and both peak myoglobin concentration (r = 0.85, p<0.01; n = 14) and peak creatine kinase activity (r = 0.92, p<0.01; n = 14). Plasma lactate and K+ concentrations also showed appreciable increases after the match, whereas plasma Na+ concentration showed a gradual decrease. The mean duration of the work and rest periods were 21.5 (2.2) and 24.3 (3.1) seconds respectively. Conclusions: The rugby matches resulted in serious structural damage to the muscles, the extent of which was highly dependent on the number of tackles.

Constraints on dark matter annihilation in clusters of galaxies with the Fermi large area telescope

Abstract: Nearby clusters and groups of galaxies are potentially bright sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission resulting from the pair-annihilation of dark matter particles. However, no significant gamma-ray emission has been detected so far from clusters in the first 11 months of observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We interpret this non-detection in terms of constraints on dark matter particle properties. In particular for leptonic annihilation final states and particle masses greater than ~200 GeV, gamma-ray emission from inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons is expected to dominate the dark matter annihilation signal from clusters, and our gamma-ray limits exclude large regions of the parameter space that would give a good fit to the recent anomalous Pamela and Fermi-LAT electron-positron measurements. We also present constraints on the annihilation of more standard dark matter candidates, such as the lightest neutralino of supersymmetric models. The constraints are particularly strong when including the fact that clusters are known to contain substructure at least on galaxy scales, increasing the expected gamma-ray flux by a factor of ~5 over a smooth-halo assumption. We also explore the effect of uncertainties in cluster dark matter density profiles, finding a systematic uncertainty in the constraints of roughly a factor of two, but similar overall conclusions. In this work, we focus on deriving limits on dark matter models; a more general consideration of the Fermi-LAT data on clusters and clusters as gamma-ray sources is forthcoming.

Alternative model of single-bubble sonoluminescence

Abstract: A model of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is constructed. In the model, the temperature is assumed to be spatially uniform inside the bubble except at the thermal boundary layer near the bubble wall even at the strong collapse based on the theoretical results of Kwak and Na [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4454 (1996)]. In the model, the effect of the kinetic energy of gases inside the bubble is taken into account, which heats up the whole bubble when gases stop their motions at the end of the strong collapse. In the model, a bubble in water containing air is assumed to consist mainly of argon based on the hypothesis of Lohse et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1359 (1997)]. Numerical calculations under a SBSL condition reveal that the kinetic energy of gases heats up the whole bubble considerably. It is also clarified that vapor molecules $({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})$ undergo chemical reactions in the heated interior of the bubble at the collapse and that chemical reactions decrease the temperature inside the bubble considerably. It is suggested that SBSL originates in thermal radiation from the whole bubble rather than a local point (the bubble center) heated by a converging spherical shock wave widely suggested in the previous theories of SBSL.

Low-cost fully transparent ultraviolet photodetectors based on electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers

Abstract: Electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers are demonstrated to be promising candidates for easily assembled fully transparent high-performance photodetectors.

Formation of a Stable p–n Junction in a Liquid-Gated MoS2 Ambipolar Transistor

Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has gained attention because of its high mobility and circular dichroism. As a crucial step to merge these advantages into a single device, we present a method that electronically controls and locates p-n junctions in liquid-gated ambipolar MoS2 transistors. A bias-independent p-n junction was formed, and it displayed rectifying I-V characteristics. This p-n diode could perform a crucial role in the development of optoelectronic valleytronic devices.