Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

The Exercise of Interfirm Power and Its Repercussions in U.S.-Japanese Channel Relationships:

Abstract: The study investigates how Japanese distributors of U.S. manufactured consumer products perceive the exercise of power sources by both themselves and their U.S. suppliers in the across-culture dist...

Fermi large area telescope gamma-ray detection of the radio galaxy m87

Abstract: We report the Fermi-LAT discovery of high-energy (MeV/GeV) gamma-ray emission positionally consistent with the center of the radio galaxy M87, at a source significance of over 10 sigma in ten-months of all-sky survey data. Following the detections of Cen A and Per A, this makes M87 the third radio galaxy seen with the LAT. The faint point-like gamma-ray source has a >100 MeV flux of 2.45 (+/- 0.63) x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 (photon index = 2.26 +/- 0.13) with no significant variability detected within the LAT observation. This flux is comparable with the previous EGRET upper limit (< 2.18 x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1, 2 sigma), thus there is no evidence for a significant MeV/GeV flare on decade timescales. Contemporaneous Chandra and VLBA data indicate low activity in the unresolved X-ray and radio core relative to previous observations, suggesting M87 is in a quiescent overall level over the first year of Fermi-LAT observations. The LAT gamma-ray spectrum is modeled as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from the electron population producing the radio-to-X-ray emission in the core. The resultant SSC spectrum extrapolates smoothly from the LAT band to the historical-minimum TeV emission. Alternative models for the core and possible contributions from the kiloparsec-scale jet in M87 are considered, and can not be excluded.

Ultrahigh performance supercapacitors utilizing core–shell nanoarchitectures from a metal–organic framework-derived nanoporous carbon and a conducting polymer

Abstract: Hitherto, many reports on composite materials for electrochemical applications are based on one-dimensional carbon nanotubes or two-dimensional graphene materials. However, these composite materials usually suffer from a stacking problem during electrochemical cycling. A smart nanoarchitectural design is needed for composite materials in order to overcome this problem. Recent research on electrochemical energy storage (EES) applications has focused on the development of three-dimensional (3-D) core–shell structures. The basis for high performance electrochemical energy storage is to control the efficient intercalation of ions in such a 3-D structure. Here, we demonstrate controlled synergy between the physicochemical properties of nanoporous carbon and conducting polyaniline polymer (carbon–PANI), which leads to some new interesting electrochemical properties. The time-dependent controlled optimization of the core–shell nanocomposites consisting of nanoporous carbon with a thin layer of PANI nanorod arrays gives useful control over supercapacitor performance. Furthermore, these carbon–PANI nanocomposites can electrochemically access ions with remarkable efficiency to achieve a capacitance value in the range of 300–1100 F g−1. When assembled in a two electrode cell configuration, the symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) based on carbon–PANI//carbon–PANI shows the highest specific energy of 21 W h kg−1 and the highest specific power of 12 kW kg−1. More interestingly, the SSC shows capacitance retention of 86% after 20 000 cycles, which is highly superior compared to previous research reports.

p‐ and n‐Type Bipolar Redox‐Active Radical Polymer: Toward Totally Organic Polymer‐Based Rechargeable Devices with Variable Configuration

Abstract: pand n-Type bipolar organic polymers have attracted remarkable interest in the development of organic-based devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes, organic thin-fi lm transistors, and photovoltaics, because they allow the proper balance of holeand electron-conduction and simplifi cation of device structure. [ 1 ] Bipolarity is mostly carried on separate donor and acceptor sites and a few exceptions are pand n-doped polythiophenes. [ 2 ] Insuffi cient stability of the n-doped state has limited the exploration of bipolar redox-active polymers, which are even accompanied by counterion migration. Stoichiometric bipolar redox activity for charge storage (long term) is challenging, but here we achieved three redox states (n-doped, neutral, and p-doped states) via judicious molecular design of the organic polymers. Recently, we successfully utilized redox polymers bearing robust, redox-active radical pendant groups, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-oxy (TEMPO) (p-type) [ 3 ] and galvinoxyl (n-type), [ 4 ] as cathodeand anode-active materials, respectively, and demonstrated high power rate capability in a totally organic-based rechargeable battery. We also reported either por n-type redox activity of poly(nitroxylstyrene) switched with substituent electronic effects, [ 5 ] however, these radical polymers did not show any bipolar redox activity, which is even more challenging than n-type redox activity. [ 6 ] Here we focus on redox reactions of nitronylnitroxide ( Figure 1 a ), [ 7 ] stabilized by the conjugated structure of two NO sites and by tuning the electrolyte conditions and report for the fi rst time poly(nitronylnitroxylstyrene) as the bipolar (pand n-dopable) electrode-active material. In this report, we construct two unprecedented battery confi gurations: a) a symmetric confi guration (poleless battery) composed of poly(nitronylnitroxylstyrene) 1 for both electrodes and b) a both n-type electrode confi guration (“rocking-chair-type”) utilizing poly(nitronylnitroxylstyrene) 1 and poly(galvinoxylstyrene) 2 [ 4 ] as the anodeand the cathode-active materials, respectively. A poleless battery confi guration is curious in the interest of simplifying

World Englishes in 2000 and Beyond.

Abstract: Spreading at the present rate, English will further increase its importance as the global lingua franca in this century. At the same time, the rapid and extensive localization and nativization will accelerate the ramification of English into varieties in the ESL (English as a Second Language) regions. Our challenge then will be how to maintain common standards and mutual intelligibility among those varieties of English. The users of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) who are relatively free from the localization of English might be able to contribute to create, maintain, and develop the globalized standards of Englishes. Such Englishes would be characterized as simple, plain, and regular in their linguistic forms and socioculturally neutral in their interactional strategies. They would accommodate any variety of English as far as it is comprehensible to the educated users of any variety, native or not.