Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Inclusive cross section and double helicity asymmetry for π0 production in p+p collisions at s=200GeV: Implications for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton

Abstract: The PHENIX experiment presents results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 2005 run with polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV, for inclusive {pi}{sup 0} production at midrapidity. Unpolarized cross section results are given for transverse momenta p{sub T}=0.5 to 20 GeV/c, extending the range of published data to both lower and higher p{sub T}. The cross section is described well for p{sub T} 2 GeV/c, by perturbative QCD. Double helicity asymmetries ALL are presented based on a factor of 5 improvement in uncertainties as compared to previously published results, due to both an improved beam polarization of 50%, and to higher integrated luminosity. These measurements are sensitive to the gluon polarization in the proton. Using one representative model of gluon polarization it is demonstrated that the gluon spin contribution to the proton spin is significantly constrained.

Contributions of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to Quality Education: A Synthesis of Research.

Abstract: This research is a synthesis of studies carried out in 18 countries to identify contributions of education for sustainable development (ESD) to quality education. Five common questions were used fo...

Cyanobacterial daily life with Kai-based circadian and diurnal genome-wide transcriptional control in Synechococcus elongatus

Abstract: In the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, essentially all promoter activities are under the control of the circadian clock under continuous light (LL) conditions. Here, we used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to explore comprehensive profiles of genome-wide Synechococcus gene expression in wild-type, kaiABC-null, and kaiC-overexpressor strains under LL and continuous dark (DD) conditions. In the wild-type strains, >30% of transcripts oscillated significantly in a circadian fashion, peaking at subjective dawn and dusk. Such circadian control was severely attenuated in kaiABC-null strains. Although it has been proposed that KaiC globally represses gene expression, our analysis revealed that dawn-expressed genes were up-regulated by kaiC-overexpression so that the clock was arrested at subjective dawn. Transfer of cells to DD conditions from LL immediately suppressed expression of most of the genes, while the clock kept even time in the absence of transcriptional feedback. Thus, the Synechococcus genome seems to be primarily regulated by light/dark cycles and is dramatically modified by the protein-based circadian oscillator.

Assessment of lower-back muscle fatigue using electromyography, mechanomyography, and near-infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract: We have investigated the etiology of lower-back muscle fatigue using simultaneous recordings of electromyography (EMG), mechanomyography (MMG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in an attempt to shed some light on the electrophysiological, mechanical, and metabolic characteristics, respectively. Eight male subjects performed isometric back extensions at an angle of 15° with reference to the horizontal plane, for a period of 60 s. Surface EMG, MMG and NIRS signals were recorded simultaneously from the center of the erector spinae at the level of L3. NIRS was measured to determine the level of muscle blood volume (BV) and oxygenation (Oxy-Hb). The root mean square amplitude value (RMS) of the EMG signal was significantly increased at the initial phase of contraction and then fell significantly, while mean power frequency (MPF) of the EMG signal decreased significantly and progressively as a function of time. There were also significant initial increases in RMS-MMG that were followed by progressive decreases at the end of fatiguing contractions. MPF-MMG remained unchanged. Muscle BV and Oxy-Hb decreased dramatically at the onset of the contraction and then remained almost constant throughout the rest of the contraction. These results, obtained by simultaneous recordings of EMG, MMG, and NIRS, demonstrate that the restriction of blood flow due to high intramuscular mechanical pressure is one of the most important factors in muscle fatigue in the lower-back muscles. In addition, the simultaneous recording system described here can be used to obtain more reliable information regarding the mechanism(s) of lower-back muscle fatigue.