York University

About: York University is a education organization based out in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 18899 authors who have published 43357 publications receiving 1568560 citations.

Spatiotemporal Residual Networks for Video Action Recognition

Abstract: Two-stream Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) have shown strong performance for human action recognition in videos. Recently, Residual Networks (ResNets) have arisen as a new technique to train extremely deep architectures. In this paper, we introduce spatiotemporal ResNets as a combination of these two approaches. Our novel architecture generalizes ResNets for the spatiotemporal domain by introducing residual connections in two ways. First, we inject residual connections between the appearance and motion pathways of a two-stream architecture to allow spatiotemporal interaction between the two streams. Second, we transform pretrained image ConvNets into spatiotemporal networks by equipping these with learnable convolutional filters that are initialized as temporal residual connections and operate on adjacent feature maps in time. This approach slowly increases the spatiotemporal receptive field as the depth of the model increases and naturally integrates image ConvNet design principles. The whole model is trained end-to-end to allow hierarchical learning of complex spatiotemporal features. We evaluate our novel spatiotemporal ResNet using two widely used action recognition benchmarks where it exceeds the previous state-of-the-art.

Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction: the roles of social withdrawal and spouse support.

Abstract: This article examines daily variability in 2 marital behaviors, social withdrawal and the expression of anger, as a function of daily taskload at work. Thirty-three air traffic controllers (ATCs) and 27 wives completed surveys on 3 consecutive days. Subjective and objective indicators of daily workload (air traffic volume and visibility at the airport) were related to the couples' descriptions of the ATCs' behavior after work. Despite a positive association between withdrawal and anger, workload seemed to influence these 2 behaviors in opposite ways. On high spouse-support evenings, work overload was associated with increased social withdrawal and less expression of anger. Social withdrawal may help an aroused individual return to a baseline emotional and physiological state. By facilitating their stressed partner's social withdrawal, supportive spouses may buffer the effects of minor daily stressors. People usually think of behavior in close relationships as being determined by stable personality and situational variables. However, as everyone in a close relationship knows, there is substantial day-to-day variability in a couple's behavior. These variations and the factors that influence them are often overlooked in psychological research. Some of the variability in marital interaction may be due to conditions that an employed person faces at work each day. The study reported here addresses two questions: How do married people behave when they return home after a stressful day at work, and how does a spouse's behavior influence the employee's delayed response to job-related stress? A growing body of research investigates the relation between an individual's habitual experiences at work and typical patterns of social interaction within the family (Bronfenbrenner & Crouter, 1982; Hoffman, 1985; Piotrkowski, Rapoport, & Rapoport, 1987). Much of the literature has focused on a spillover model, which proposes that psychological responses to work, such as gratification or emotional depletion, carry over into the home (Piotrkowski, 1979). Almost all of the relevant studies have examined job stress as an individual difference variable. Using between-subjects designs, investigators have found that

Complexity and Adaptivity in Supply Networks: Building Supply Network Theory Using a Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective*

Abstract: Supply networks are composed of large numbers of firms from multiple interrelated industries. Such networks are subject to shifting strategies and objectives within a dynamic environment. In recent years, when faced with a dynamic environment, several disciplines have adopted the Complex Adaptive System (CAS) perspective to gain insights into important issues within their domains of study. Research investigations in the field of supply networks have also begun examining the merits of complexity theory and the CAS perspective. In this article, we bring the applicability of complexity theory and CAS into sharper focus, highlighting its potential for integrating existing supply chain management (SCM) research into a structured body of knowledge while also providing a framework for generating, validating, and refining new theories relevant to real-world supply networks. We suggest several potential research questions to emphasize how a CAS perspective can help in enriching the SCM discipline. We propose that the SCM research community adopt such a dynamic and systems-level orientation that brings to the fore the adaptivity of firms and the complexity of their interrelations that are often inherent in supply networks.

Children's First Word Combinations.

Abstract: BRAINE, MARTIN D. S. Children's First Word Combinations. With Commentary by MELISSA BOWERMAN. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1976, 41(1, Serial No. 164). A descriptive analysis is presented of the syntactic patterns in 16 corpora of word combinations from 11 children learning either English (six children), Samoan, Finnish, Hebrew, or Swedish. The mean utterance lengths range up to about 1.7 morphemes. There are both reanalyses of corpora in the literature and new corpora. The data indicate that each child has learned a number of positional formulae that map components of meaning into positions in the surface structure. Each formula expresses a specific, often quite narrow, range of relational conceptual content. In each corpus, the bulk of the combinations are generated by a small number of such formulae; the differences between one corpus and another are considerable, and their nature indicates that the formulae are independent acquisitions. The formulae are not broad rules of the kind usual in transformational grammars; and the semantic categories are usually much more specific than those of case grammars or those proposed by Schlesinger (although Schlesinger's views are supported in other respects). Also, there is no evidence for grammatical word classes. In general, the evidence indicates less grammatical competence at this stage of development than children are being credited with in much current work. Two kinds of phenomena involving free word order are noted. One kind, not previously reported, is called a "groping pattern": positional formulae are sometimes preceded by an earlier stage in which the components are unordered. The lack of order is due to the child groping to express a meaning before he has learned a rule that determines the position of the elements. The other kind is due to the learning of two formulae, one for each order: longitudinal study of some cases indicates that the two orders were learned at separate times and that they may have subtly different semantic content.