A 13 bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and interacts specifically with estrogen receptor
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TLDR
This work has defined the 13 bp palindrome GGTCACAGTGACC as a minimal functional estrogen responsive element (ERE), which binds estrogen receptor preferentially in vitro and point mutations within the ERE decrease its affinity for the estrogen receptor and result in a complete loss of estrogen inducibility.Abstract:
Sequences located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 (vit A2) gene contain a hormone dependent enhancer that confers estrogen control to the heterologous thymidine kinase (tk) promoter. As a minimal functional estrogen responsive element (ERE), we have defined the 13 bp palindrome GGTCACAGTGACC. This ERE binds estrogen receptor preferentially in vitro. Although the ERE shares some structural features with the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) it is distinct from this element since it neither binds glucocorticoid receptor in vitro nor does it confer glucocorticoid inducibility to a fusion gene. Point mutations within the ERE decrease its affinity for the estrogen receptor and result in a complete loss of estrogen inducibility.read more
Citations
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The late retinoic acid induction of laminin B1 gene transcription involves RAR binding to the responsive element.
TL;DR: RARs can participate directly in transcriptional induction of the LB1 gene, even though this induction is cycloheximide sensitive and RARs are present in F9 cells prior to RA addition.
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The limits of the cellular capacity to mediate an estrogen response
TL;DR: It is suggested that saturation of the cellular capacity to mediate an estrogen response and ER-dependent squelching occur at receptor titers well above those encountered in nature.
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Cross-Talk among Estrogen Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer
TL;DR: Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cross-talk between ER and growth-factor-signaling pathways is highlighted and may lead to novel strategies and targets for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Effects of Estrogen Treatment on Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Expression and Phosphorylation in Rat Amygdaloid and Hippocampal Structures
TL;DR: A signaling pathway through which E2 increases BDNF expression that may underlie some actions of E2 on affective behavior is identified and neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the E2 effect within the amygdala and hippocampus is indicated.
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High level expression of biologically active estrogen receptor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Donald P. McDonnell,Zafar Nawaz,Charles L. Densmore,Nancy L. Weigel,Tony A. Pham,James H. Clark,Bert W. O'Malley +6 more
TL;DR: Biochemical over-expression of the human estrogen receptor was achieved using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system and an additional 5-fold increase in receptor production was obtained by incorporating a defective leu2 allele into these vectors.
References
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