A guide to analysis of mouse energy metabolism
Matthias H. Tschöp,John R. Speakman,John R. Speakman,Jonathan R.S. Arch,Johan Auwerx,Jens C. Brüning,Lawrence Chan,Robert H. Eckel,Robert V. Farese,Jose E. Galgani,Catherine Hambly,Mark A. Herman,Tamas L. Horvath,Barbara B. Kahn,Sara C. Kozma,Eleftheria Maratos-Flier,Timo D. Müller,Heike Münzberg,Paul T. Pfluger,Leona Plum,Marc L. Reitman,Kamal Rahmouni,Gerald I. Shulman,George Thomas,C. Ronald Kahn,Eric Ravussin +25 more
TLDR
A consolidated view of the complexity and challenges of designing studies for measurement of energy metabolism in mouse models is presented, including a practical guide to the assessment of energy expenditure, energy intake and body composition and statistical analysis thereof.Abstract:
We present a consolidated view of the complexity and challenges of designing studies for measurement of energy metabolism in mouse models, including a practical guide to the assessment of energy expenditure, energy intake and body composition and statistical analysis thereof. We hope this guide will facilitate comparisons across studies and minimize spurious interpretations of data. We recommend that division of energy expenditure data by either body weight or lean body weight and that presentation of group effects as histograms should be replaced by plotting individual data and analyzing both group and body-composition effects using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).read more
Citations
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Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance
TL;DR: Whether and how impaired BCAA metabolism might occur in obesity is discussed in this Review, and a BCAA dysmetabolism model proposes that the accumulation of mitotoxic metabolites promotes β-cell mitochondrial dysfunction, stress signalling and apoptosis associated with T2DM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autophagy deficiency leads to protection from obesity and insulin resistance by inducing Fgf21 as a mitokine
Kook Hwan Kim,Yeon Taek Jeong,Hyunhee Oh,Seonghun Kim,Jae Min Cho,Yo-Na Kim,Su Sung Kim,Dohoon Kim,Kyu Yeon Hur,Hyoung Kyu Kim,Tae-Hee Ko,Jin Han,Hong Lim Kim,Jin Kim,Sung Hoon Back,Masaaki Komatsu,Hsiuchen Chen,David C. Chan,Morichika Konishi,Nobuyuki Itoh,Cheol Soo Choi,Myung-Shik Lee,Myung-Shik Lee +22 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that autophagy deficiency and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction promote Fgf21 expression, a hormone the authors consequently term a 'mitokine', and together these processes promote protection from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus
Maximilian Kleinert,Christoffer Clemmensen,Susanna M. Hofmann,Mary Courtney Moore,Simone Renner,Stephen C. Woods,Peter Huypens,Johannes Beckers,Martin Hrabé de Angelis,Annette Schürmann,Mostafa Bakhti,Martin Klingenspor,Mark L. Heiman,Alan D. Cherrington,Michael Ristow,Heiko Lickert,Eckhard Wolf,Peter J. Havel,Timo D. Müller,Matthias H. Tschöp +19 more
TL;DR: This Review consolidates the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlights the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
Journal ArticleDOI
FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction
Thomas Laeger,Tara M. Henagan,Diana C. Albarado,Leanne M. Redman,George A. Bray,Robert C. Noland,Heike Münzberg,Susan M. Hutson,Thomas W. Gettys,Michael W. Schwartz,Christopher D. Morrison +10 more
TL;DR: FGF21 represents an endocrine signal of protein restriction, which acts to coordinate metabolism and growth during periods of reduced protein intake and that FGF21 is required for behavioral and metabolic responses to protein restriction.
Journal ArticleDOI
The browning of white adipose tissue: some burning issues.
Jan Nedergaard,Barbara Cannon +1 more
TL;DR: It is pointed to the possibility that cause and effect may on occasion be the reverse: browning agents may disrupt, for example, the fur, leading to increased heat loss, increased thermogenic demand to counteract thisHeat loss, and thus, through sympathetic nervous system activation, to enhanced UCP1 expression in white (and brown) adipose tissues.
References
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Toward a metabolic theory of ecology
James H. Brown,James H. Brown,James F. Gillooly,Andrew P. Allen,Van M. Savage,Van M. Savage,Geoffrey B. West,Geoffrey B. West +7 more
TL;DR: This work has developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature, and predicts how metabolic theory predicts how this rate controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that conventionalization of adult germ-free C57BL/6 mice with a normal microbiota harvested from the distal intestine (cecum) of conventionally raised animals produces a 60% increase in body fat content and insulin resistance within 14 days despite reduced food intake.
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Mary Ann Pelleymounter,Mary Jane Cullen,Mary Beth Baker,Randy Ira Hecht,Dwight Winters,Thomas C. Boone,Frank H. Collins +6 more
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TL;DR: These findings document the presence of substantial amounts of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans.
Book
The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics
TL;DR: A study of the evolution of bioenergetics is presented in this article, where the authors examine total starvation and the physical aspects of metabolism, as well as the metabolism of the starving animal.