Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Their Characteristics and Their Roles in Tumor Growth.
Kazuyoshi Shiga,Masayasu Hara,Takaya Nagasaki,Takafumi Sato,Hiroki Takahashi,Hiromitsu Takeyama +5 more
TLDR
It is shown that CAFs are an important IL-6 source and that anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumor-stroma interactions, and CAFs contribute to drug-resistance acquisition in cancer cells.Abstract:
Cancer tissues are composed of cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells (e.g., fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells), in addition to the extracellular matrix. Most studies investigating carcinogenesis and the progression, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer have focused on alterations in cancer cells, including genetic and epigenetic changes. Recently, interactions between cancer cells and the stroma have attracted considerable attention, and increasing evidence has accumulated on this. Several researchers have gradually clarified the origins, features, and roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the cancer stroma. CAFs function in a similar manner to myofibroblasts during wound healing. We previously reported the relationship between CAFs and angiogenesis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a central role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses, and important roles in the progression, including proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, of several cancers. We showed that CAFs are an important IL-6 source and that anti-IL-6 receptor antibody suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumor-stroma interactions. Furthermore, CAFs contribute to drug-resistance acquisition in cancer cells. The interaction between cancer cells and the stroma could be a potential target for anti-cancer therapy.read more
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Epigenetic alterations at distal enhancers are linked to proliferation in human breast cancer
Ankill J,Ankill J,Miriam Ragle Aure,Bjørklund S,Langberg S,Vessela N. Kristensen,Vitelli,Tekpli X,Thomas Fleischer +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for integration of CpG methylation and gene expression to identify disease-driving genes under epigenetic control was proposed, and the identified CpGs and genes were found to be connected through chromatin loops.
Posted ContentDOI
Modelling TGFβR and Hh pathway regulation of prognostic matrisome molecules in ovarian cancer
Robin M. Delaine-Smith,Eleni Maniati,Beatrice Malacrida,Sam Nichols,Reza Roozitalab,Roanne R. Jones,Laura S.M. Lecker,Oliver M. T. Pearce,Martin M. Knight,Frances R. Balkwill +9 more
TL;DR: In a multi-level deconstruction of omental metastases, a prognostic matrisome gene expression signature was identified in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and twelve other malignancies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Assessing Hepatobiliary Malignancies
TL;DR: In this article , the diagnostic performance of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT in diagnosing the primary hepatobiliary malignancies and to compare its performance with 18 F-FDG PET-CT was studied.
Book ChapterDOI
The Tumor Microenvironment in Nanoparticle Delivery and the Role of Imaging to Navigate Roadblocks and Pathways
TL;DR: The characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and the influence that different aspects of the TME such as vascularization, permeability, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and stromal cells can have on NP delivery and distribution are outlined.
Posted ContentDOI
plasma: Partial LeAst Squares for Multiomics Analysis
TL;DR: Coombes et al. as discussed by the authors developed a novel algorithm, plasma, to train and validate models to predict time-to-event outcomes from multiomics data sets, which is built on using two layers of the existing partial least squares algorithm to first select components that covary with the outcome in order to construct a joint Cox proportional hazards model.
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