Cancer cells preferentially lose small chromosomes.
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It is found that solid and non‐solid cancers have markedly distinct whole‐chromosome aneuploidy signatures, which may underlie their fundamentally different etiologies and preferential chromosome loss is observed in both early and late stages of astrocytoma.Abstract:
Genetic and genomic aberrations are the primary cause of cancer. Chromosome missegregation leads to aneuploidy and provides cancer cells with a mechanism to lose tumor suppressor loci and gain extra copies of oncogenes. Using cytogenetic and array-based comparative genomic hybridization data, we analyzed numerical chromosome aneuploidy in 43,205 human tumors and found that 68% of solid tumors are aneuploid. In solid tumors, almost all chromosomes are more frequently lost than gained with chromosomes 7, 12 and 20 being the only exceptions with more frequent gains. Strikingly, small chromosomes are lost more readily than large ones, but no such inverse size correlation is observed with chromosome gains. Because of increasing levels of proteotoxic stress, chromosome gains have been shown to slow cell proliferation in a manner proportional to the number of extra gene copies gained. However, we find that the extra chromosome in trisomic tumors does not preferentially have a low gene copy number, suggesting that a proteotoxicity-mediated proliferation barrier is not sustained during tumor progression. Paradoxically, despite a bias toward chromosome loss, gains of chromosomes are a poor prognostic marker in ovarian adenocarcinomas. In addition, we find that solid and non-solid cancers have markedly distinct whole-chromosome aneuploidy signatures, which may underlie their fundamentally different etiologies. Finally, preferential chromosome loss is observed in both early and late stages of astrocytoma. Our results open up new avenues of enquiry into the role and nature of whole-chromosome aneuploidy in human tumors and will redirect modeling and genetic targeting efforts in patients.read more
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Context is everything: aneuploidy in cancer
Uri Ben-David,Angelika Amon +1 more
TL;DR: The context dependency of aneuploidy in cancer is explained and its clinical potential is discussed, which may have clinical relevance as a prognostic marker and as a potential therapeutic target.
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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y in peripheral blood is associated with shorter survival and higher risk of cancer
Lars Forsberg,Chiara Rasi,Niklas Malmqvist,Hanna Davies,Saichand Pasupulati,Geeta Pakalapati,Johanna Sandgren,Teresita Díaz de Ståhl,Ammar Zaghlool,Vilmantas Giedraitis,Lars Lannfelt,Joannah Score,Nicholas C.P. Cross,Devin Absher,Eva Tiensuu Janson,Cecilia M. Lindgren,Andrew P. Morris,Erik Ingelsson,Lars Lind,Jan P. Dumanski +19 more
TL;DR: The impact of post-zygotic mosaicism on disease risk is illustrated, could explain why males are more frequently affected by cancer and suggest that chromosome Y is important in processes beyond sex determination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tumor-suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias
Andrew Dunford,David M. Weinstock,David M. Weinstock,Virginia Savova,Steven E. Schumacher,Steven E. Schumacher,John P Cleary,Akinori Yoda,Timothy J. Sullivan,Julian M. Hess,Alexander A. Gimelbrant,Alexander A. Gimelbrant,Rameen Beroukhim,Rameen Beroukhim,Michael S. Lawrence,Gad Getz,Gad Getz,Andrew A. Lane,Andrew A. Lane +18 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that biallelic expression of EXITS genes in females explains a portion of the reduced cancer incidence in females as compared to males across a variety of tumor types.
Journal ArticleDOI
T Cell–Inflamed versus Non-T Cell–Inflamed Tumors: A Conceptual Framework for Cancer Immunotherapy Drug Development and Combination Therapy Selection
TL;DR: To maximize the impact of immunotherapy drug development, pretreatment stratification of targets associated with either the T cell–inflated or noninflamed tumor microenvironment should be employed and biomarkers predictive of responsiveness to specific immunomodulatory therapies should guide therapy selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosaicism in health and disease-clones picking up speed
TL;DR: Post-zygotic variation is an important confounder in medical genetic testing and a promising avenue for research: future studies could involve analyses of sorted and single cells from multiple tissue types to fully explore its potential.
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TL;DR: The interim integrative analysis of DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation aberrations in 206 glioblastomas reveals a link between MGMT promoter methylation and a hypermutator phenotype consequent to mismatch repair deficiency in treated gliobeasts, demonstrating that it can rapidly expand knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma
Debra A. Bell,Andrew Berchuck,Michael J. Birrer,Jeremy Chien,Daniel W. Cramer,Fanny Dao,Rajiv Dhir,Philip J. DiSaia,Hani Gabra,Pat Glenn,Andrew K. Godwin,John D. Gross,Lynn C. Hartmann,M. Huang,David G. Huntsman,Mary Iacocca,Marcin Imielinski,Steve E. Kalloger,Beth Y. Karlan,Beth Y. Karlan,Douglas A. Levine,Douglas A. Levine,Douglas A. Levine,Gordon B. Mills,Gordon B. Mills,Carl Morrison,David G. Mutch,Narciso Olvera,Sandra Orsulic,Kay J. Park,Nicholas J. Petrelli,Brenda Rabeno,Janet S. Rader,Branimir I. Sikic,Karen Smith-McCune,Anil K. Sood,David D.L. Bowtell,Robert Penny,Joseph R. Testa,Kyle Chang,Huyen Dinh,J. A. Drummond,G. Fowler,Preethi H. Gunaratne,A. C. Hawes,C. L. Kovar,L. R. Lewis,M. B. Morgan,I. F. Newsham,J. Santibanez,Jeffrey G. Reid,L. R. Trevino,Yue Wu,M. Wang,Donna M. Muzny,D. A. Wheeler,Richard A. Gibbs,Gad Getz,Gad Getz,Michael S. Lawrence,Michael S. Lawrence,Kristian Cibulskis,Kristian Cibulskis,Andrey Sivachenko,C. Sougnez,Douglas Voet,Douglas Voet,Jane Wilkinson,Toby Bloom,Kristin G. Ardlie,Kristin G. Ardlie,T. Fennell,Jennifer Baldwin,S. Gabriel,Eric S. Lander,Li Ding,Robert S. Fulton,Daniel C. Koboldt,Michael D. McLellan,Todd Wylie,Jason Walker,M. O'Laughlin,D. J. Dooling,Linnea Fulton,R. Abbott,N. D. Dees,Qizhou Zhang,Cyriac Kandoth,Michael C. Wendl,William Schierding,D. Shen,Chris Harris,Hayden R. Schmidt,Joelle Kalicki,K. D. Delehaunty,Catrina Fronick,Ryan Demeter,L. Cook,J. W. Wallis,L. Lin,Vincent Magrini,J. S. Hodges,James M. Eldred,S. M. Smith,Craig Pohl,Fabio Vandin,Benjamin J. Raphael,George M. Weinstock,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson,Matthew Meyerson,Wendy Winckler,R. G.W. Verhaak,Suzie Carter,Craig H. Mermel,G. Saksena,G. Saksena,H. Nguyen,R. C. Onofrio,D. Hubbard,S. Gupta,A. Crenshaw,A. H. Ramos,Lynda Chin,Lynda Chin,Alexei Protopopov,Jinghui Zhang,Jinghui Zhang,Jinghui Zhang,T. M. Kim,Ilana Perna,Y. Xiao,Hailei Zhang,Gang Ren,N. Sathiamoorthy,R. W. Park,R. W. Park,Eunjung Lee,Peter J. Park,Peter J. Park,Raju Kucherlapati,D. M. Absher,L. Waite,Gavin Sherlock,James D. Brooks,Jun Li,Jian Xu,Richard M. Myers,Peter W. Laird,L. Cope,James G. Herman,H. Shen,Daniel J. Weisenberger,Houtan Noushmehr,F. Pan,Timothy J. Triche,Benjamin P. Berman,D. J. Van Den Berg,J. Buckley,Stephen B. Baylin,Paul T. Spellman,Paul T. Spellman,Elizabeth Purdom,Pierre Neuvial,Pierre Neuvial,Henrik Bengtsson,Henrik Bengtsson,L. R. Jakkula,S. Durinck,S. Durinck,Junhong Han,Junhong Han,S. Dorton,H. Marr,Y. G. Choi,V. Wang,N. J. Wang,J. Ngai,J. G. Conboy,Bahram Parvin,H. S. Feiler,Terence P. Speed,Joe W. Gray,Joe W. Gray,N. D. Socci,Yanke Liang,Barry S. Taylor,Nikolaus Schultz,Nikolaus Schultz,L. Borsu,Alex E. Lash,Cameron Brennan,A. Viale,Chris Sander,M. Ladanyi,M. Ladanyi,Katherine A. Hoadley,Katherine A. Hoadley,S. Meng,Y. Du,Y. Du,Yigong Shi,Lulin Li,Y. J. Turman,D. Zang,E. B. Helms,S. Balu,Xiang Zhou,Jane Y. Wu,M. D. Topal,D. N. Hayes,D. N. Hayes,Charles M. Perou,Chaowei Wu,S. Shukla,A. Sivachenko,R. Jing,Yingkai Liu,M. Noble,Hannah Carter,D. Kim,Rachel Karchin,James E. Korkola,Laura M. Heiser,Raymond J. Cho,Zhi Hu,Ethan Cerami,A. Olshen,B. Reva,Yevgeniy Antipin,R. Shen,P. Mankoo,Robert L. Sheridan,Giovanni Ciriello,William K. Chang,J. A. Bernanke,David Haussler,Christopher C. Benz,Joshua M. Stuart,Stephen C. Benz,J. Z. Sanborn,Charles J. Vaske,Jieqing Zhu,Christopher Szeto,G. K. Scott,Christina Yau,Matthew D. Wilkerson,N. Zhang,Rehan Akbani,Keith A. Baggerly,W. K. Yung,John N. Weinstein,T. Shelton,Dirk Grimm,Martha Hatfield,Scott Morris,P. Yena,P. Rhodes,Mark E. Sherman,J. Paulauskis,S. Millis,A. Kahn,John M. Greene,R. Sfeir,M. A. Jensen,John W. Chen,J. Whitmore,S. Alonso,J. Jordan,A. Chu,A. Barker,Carolyn C. Compton,Greg Eley,Martin L. Ferguson,Peter Fielding,Daniela S. Gerhard,R. Myles,Carl F. Schaefer,K. R. Mills Shaw,Jim Vaught,J. B. Vockley,Peter J. Good,Mark S. Guyer,Bradley A. Ozenberger,Jane Peterson,Elizabeth J. Thomson +285 more
TL;DR: It is reported that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1,BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes.
Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma
Daphne W. Bell,Andrew Berchuck,Michael J. Birrer,Jeremy Chien,Daniel W. Cramer,Fanny Dao,Rajiv Dhir,Philip J. DiSaia,Hani Gabra,Pat Glenn,Andrew K. Godwin,John D. Gross,Lynn C. Hartmann,Mei Huang,David G. Huntsman,Mary Iacocca,Marcin Imielinski,Steve E. Kalloger,Beth Y. Karlan,Douglas A. Levine,Gordon B. Mills,Carolyn A. Morrison,David G. Mutch,Narciso Olvera,Sandra Orsulic,Kay J. Park,Nicholas J. Petrelli,Brenda Rabeno,Janet S. Rader,Branimir I. Sikic,Karen Smith-McCune,Anil K. Sood,David D.L. Bowtell,Robert Penny,Joseph R. Testa,Kyle Chang,Huyen Dinh,Jennifer Drummond,Gerald R. Fowler,Preethi H. Gunaratne,Alicia Hawes,Christie Kovar,Lora Lewis,Margaret B. Morgan,Irene Newsham,Jireh Santibanez,Jeffrey G. Reid,Lisa R. Trevino,Yuan Qing Wu,Min Wang,Donna Muzny,D Wheeler,Richard A. Gibbs,Gad Getz,Michael S. Lawrence,Kristian Cibulskis,Andrey Sivachenko,Carrie Sougnez,Douglas Voet,Jane Wilkinson,Toby Bloom,Kristin G. Ardlie,T. J. Fennell,Jennifer Baldwin,S. Gabriel,Eric S. Lander,Li Ding,Robert S. Fulton,Daniel C. Koboldt,Michael D. McLellan,Todd Wylie,Jason Walker,Michelle D O'Laughlin,David J. Dooling,Linnea Fulton,Rachel Abbott,Nathan D. Dees,Qizhou Zhang,Cyriac Kandoth,Michael C. Wendl,William Schierding,D. Shen,Chris Harris,Heather K. Schmidt,Joelle Kalicki,Kimberly D. Delehaunty,Catrina Fronick,Ryan Demeter,Linda S. Cook,John W. Wallis,Ling Lin,Vincent Magrini,Jennifer S. Hodges,James M. Eldred,Shaleigh Smith,Craig Pohl,Fabio Vandin,Benjamin J. Raphael,George M. Weinstock,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson,Matthew Meyerson,Wendy Winckler,Roeland Verhaak,Suzie Carter,Craig H. Mermel,Gordon Saksena,Huy V. Nguyen,Robert C. Onofrio,Diana D. Hubbard,Sonal Gupta,Andrew Crenshaw,Alex H. Ramos,Lynda Chin,Alexei Protopopov,Juinhua Zhang,T. M. Kim,Ilana Perna,Yonghong Xiao,Hailei Zhang,Gang Ren,Narayanan Sathiamoorthy,Richard W. Park,Eunjung Lee,Peter J. Park,Raju Kucherlapati,Devin Absher,Lindsay L. Waite,Gavin Sherlock,James D. Brooks,Jun Li,Jian Xu,Richard M. Myers,Peter W. Laird,Leslie Cope,James G. Herman,Hui Shen,Daniel J. Weisenberger,Houtan Noushmehr,Fei Pan,Timothy J. Triche,Benjamin P. Berman,D. J. Van Den Berg,Jonathan D. Buckley,Stephen B. Baylin,P. Spellman,Elizabeth Purdom,Pierre Neuvial,Henrik Bengtsson,Lakshmi Jakkula,Steffen Durinck,Junhong Han,Shannon Dorton,Henry Marr,Y. G. Choi,V. Wang,N. J. Wang,J. Ngai,John G. Conboy,Bahram Parvin,Heidi S. Feiler,Terence P. Speed,Joe W. Gray,Nicholas D. Socci,Yanke Liang,Barry S. Taylor,Nikolaus Schultz,Laetitia Borsu,Alex E. Lash,Cameron Brennan,Agnes Viale,Chris Sander,M. Ladanyi,Katherine A. Hoadley,Shaowu Meng,Ying Du,Yan Shi,Lulin Li,Yidi J. Turman,D. Zang,E. B. Helms,Saianand Balu,Xiang Zhou,Jane Y. Wu,Michael D. Topal,David N. Hayes,Charles M. Perou,Junihua Zhang,Chaowei Wu,Sachet A. Shukla,Andrey Sivachenko,Rui Jing,Yingkai Liu,Michael S. Noble,Hannah Carter,D. Kim,Rachel Karchin,James E. Korkola,Laura M. Heiser,Raymond J. Cho,Zhi Hu,Ethan Cerami,Adam B. Olshen,Boris Reva,Yevgeniy Antipin,Ronglai Shen,Parminder K. Mankoo,Rachael Sheridan,Giovanni Ciriello,William K. Chang,J. A. Bernanke,David Haussler,Christopher C. Benz,Joshua M. Stuart,Stephen C. Benz,John Zachary Sanborn,Charles J. Vaske,Jingchun Zhu,Christopher Szeto,Gary K. Scott,Christina Yau,Matthew D. Wilkerson,Nianxiang Zhang,Rehan Akbani,Keith A. Baggerly,W. K. Yung,John N. Weinstein,Troy Shelton,Dirk Grimm,Martha Hatfield,Shannon R. Morris,Peggy Yena,P. Rhodes,Mark E. Sherman,Joseph Paulauskis,S. Millis,Ari B. Kahn,John M. Greene,Robert Sfeir,Mark A. Jensen,John W. Chen,Jon Whitmore,Shelley Alonso,Justin T. Jordan,Anna L. Chu,Jinghui Zhang,Anna D. Barker,Carolyn C. Compton,Greg Eley,Martin L. Ferguson,Peter Fielding,Daniela S. Gerhard,R. Myles,Carl F. Schaefer,K. R. Mills Shaw,Jim Vaught,J. B. Vockley,Peter J. Good,Mark S. Guyer,Bradley A. Ozenberger,Jessica L. Peterson,E. Thomson +261 more
TL;DR: The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analyzed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours as mentioned in this paper.