Digging the New York City Skyline: soil fungal communities in green roofs and city parks.
Krista L. McGuire,Sara G. Payne,Matthew I. Palmer,Caitlyn Marie Gillikin,Dominique Russenberger Keefe,Su Jin Kim,Seren Michelle Gedallovich,Julia Marie Discenza,Ramya Rangamannar,Jennifer Anne Koshner,Audrey L. Massmann,Giulia Orazi,Adam Lang Essene,Jonathan W. Leff,Noah Fierer,Noah Fierer +15 more
TLDR
Fungus living in the growing medium of green roofs may be an underestimated component of these biotic systems functioning to support some of the valued ecological services ofgreen roofs.Abstract:
In urban environments, green roofs provide a number of benefits, including decreased urban heat island effects and reduced energy costs for buildings. However, little research has been done on the non-plant biota associated with green roofs, which likely affect their functionality. For the current study, we evaluated whether or not green roofs planted with two native plant communities in New York City functioned as habitats for soil fungal communities, and compared fungal communities in green roof growing media to soil microbial composition in five city parks, including Central Park and the High Line. Ten replicate roofs were sampled one year after planting; three of these roofs were more intensively sampled and compared to nearby city parks. Using Illumina sequencing of the fungal ITS region we found that green roofs supported a diverse fungal community, with numerous taxa belonging to fungal groups capable of surviving in disturbed and polluted habitats. Across roofs, there was significant biogeographical clustering of fungal communities, indicating that community assembly of roof microbes across the greater New York City area is locally variable. Green roof fungal communities were compositionally distinct from city parks and only 54% of the green roof taxa were also found in the park soils. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that park soils had greater microbial biomass and higher bacterial to fungal ratios than green roof substrates. City park soils were also more enriched with heavy metals, had lower pH, and lower quantities of total bases (Ca, K, and Mg) compared to green roof substrates. While fungal communities were compositionally distinct across green roofs, they did not differentiate by plant community. Together, these results suggest that fungi living in the growing medium of green roofs may be an underestimated component of these biotic systems functioning to support some of the valued ecological services of green roofs.read more
Citations
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Root exudate metabolites drive plant-soil feedbacks on growth and defense by shaping the rhizosphere microbiota
Lingfei Hu,Christelle A. M. Robert,Selma Cadot,Xi Zhang,Meng Ye,Beibei Li,Daniele Manzo,Noémie Chervet,Thomas Steinger,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,Klaus Schlaeppi,Matthias Erb +12 more
TL;DR: The results reveal a mechanism by which plants determine the composition of rhizosphere microbiota, plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions of the next generation by modifying root-associated microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide
Suzanne M. Prober,Jonathan W. Leff,Scott T. Bates,Elizabeth T. Borer,Jennifer Firn,W. Stanley Harpole,Eric M. Lind,Eric W. Seabloom,Peter B. Adler,Jonathan D. Bakker,Elsa E. Cleland,Nicole M. DeCrappeo,Elizabeth DeLorenze,Nicole Hagenah,Yann Hautier,Kirsten S. Hofmockel,Kevin P. Kirkman,Johannes M. H. Knops,Kimberly J. La Pierre,Andrew S. MacDougall,Rebecca L. McCulley,Charles E. Mitchell,Anita C. Risch,Martin Schuetz,Carly J. Stevens,Ryan J. Williams,Noah Fierer +26 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1 m 2 plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence depth, not PCR replication, improves ecological inference from next generation DNA sequencing.
Dylan P. Smith,Kabir G. Peay +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that molecular ecology studies will benefit more from investing in robust sequencing technologies than from replicating PCRs, and the potential for continuous integration of older datasets with newer technology is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial community assembly and metabolic function during mammalian corpse decomposition
Jessica L. Metcalf,Jessica L. Metcalf,Zhenjiang Zech Xu,Sophie Weiss,Simon Lax,Will Van Treuren,Embriette R. Hyde,Se Jin Song,Se Jin Song,Amnon Amir,Peter E. Larsen,Peter E. Larsen,Naseer Sangwan,Naseer Sangwan,Daniel Haarmann,Greg Humphrey,Gail Ackermann,Luke R. Thompson,Christian L. Lauber,Alexander Bibat,Catherine Nicholas,Matthew J. Gebert,Joseph F. Petrosino,Sasha C. Reed,Jack A. Gilbert,Aaron M. Lynne,Sibyl R. Bucheli,David O. Carter,Rob Knight +28 more
TL;DR: A suite of bacterial and fungal groups that contribute to nitrogen cycling and a reproducible network of decomposers that emerge on predictable time scales are found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Continental-scale distributions of dust-associated bacteria and fungi
Albert Barberán,Joshua Ladau,Jonathan W. Leff,Katherine S. Pollard,Holly L. Menninger,Robert R. Dunn,Robert R. Dunn,Noah Fierer +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that airborne microbial communities, such as terrestrial plants and animals, exhibit nonrandom geographic patterns, and the factors that shape the continental-scale distributions of microbial taxa are identified, and this first atlas of airborne bacterial and fungal distributions across the continental United States is generated.
References
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Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the original measurements reported in 18 publications and derived empirical models to assess the surface runoff from various types of roofs, when roof characteristics and the annual or seasonal precipitation are given.
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ITS as an environmental DNA barcode for fungi: an in silico approach reveals potential PCR biases
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The implications of current and future urbanization for global protected areas and biodiversity conservation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that urban growth will have impacts on ecoregions, rare species, and protected areas that are localized but cumulatively significant, and suggest that 8% of terrestrial vertebrate species on the IUCN Red List are imperiled largely because of urban development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green roof stormwater retention: effects of roof surface, slope, and media depth.
Nicholaus D. VanWoert,D. Bradley Rowe,Jeffrey A. Andresen,Clayton L. Rugh,R. Thomas Fernandez,Lan Xiao +5 more
TL;DR: For both studies, vegetated green roof systems not only reduced the amount of stormwater runoff, they also extended its duration over a period of time beyond the actual rain event.
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