Journal ArticleDOI
Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis
Mark A. Jobling,Peter Gill +1 more
TLDR
For example, forensic DNA analysis is key to the conviction or exoneration of suspects and the identification of victims of crimes, accidents and disasters, driving the development of innovative methods in molecular genetics, statistics and the use of massive intelligence databases as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Sherlock Holmes said "it has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are infinitely the most important", but never imagined that such a little thing, the DNA molecule, could become perhaps the most powerful single tool in the multifaceted fight against crime. Twenty years after the development of DNA fingerprinting, forensic DNA analysis is key to the conviction or exoneration of suspects and the identification of victims of crimes, accidents and disasters, driving the development of innovative methods in molecular genetics, statistics and the use of massive intelligence databases.read more
Citations
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Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays.
Nils Homer,Nils Homer,Szabolcs Szelinger,Margot Redman,David Duggan,Waibhav Tembe,Jill Muehling,John V. Pearson,Dietrich A. Stephan,Stanley F. Nelson,David Craig +10 more
TL;DR: High-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping microarrays are used to demonstrate the ability to accurately and robustly determine whether individuals are in a complex genomic DNA mixture, and suggest future research efforts into assessing the viability of previously sub-optimal DNA sources due to sample contamination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Jasmonate passes muster: a receptor and targets for the defense hormone.
TL;DR: The oxylipin jasmonate (JA) regulates many aspects of growth, development, and environmental responses in plants, particularly defense responses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing.
TL;DR: The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving human forensics through advances in genetics, genomics and molecular biology
Manfred Kayser,Peter de Knijff +1 more
TL;DR: Advances in genetics, genomics and molecular biology are likely to improve human forensic case work in the near future, including new molecular approaches for finding individuals previously unknown to investigators, and new molecular methods to support links between forensic sample donors and criminal acts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Turning the Page: Advancing Paper-Based Microfluidics for Broad Diagnostic Application.
TL;DR: This review examines the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016 and highlights emerging health applications, such as male fertility testing and wearable diagnostics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interpreting small quantities of DNA: the hierarchy of propositions and the use of Bayesian networks.
TL;DR: These issues are discussed in this paper and new insights are provided by two particular recent developments, the notion of the "hierarchy of propositions" that has arisen from a project called Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI) and a technique for drawing inferences in the face of many interacting considerations, known as "Bayesian networks"--or "Bayes' nets".
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Species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene
Hsing Mei Hsieh,Li Hung Huang,Li Chin Tsai,Yi Chen Kuo,Hsien Huei Meng,Adrian Linacre,James Chun-I Lee +6 more
TL;DR: The amplification of the 402 bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene was found to be able to detect rhinoceros DNA even in the ratio of 1:19 with Holstein cow DNA, and the results supported the morphological hypothesis.
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Inferring ethnic origin by means of an STR profile.
TL;DR: The use of DNA profiles from six STR loci for inferring the ethnic origin of a crime stain is reported and how such inference may be used as intelligence information to reduce the expected number of interviews to resolve a case is discussed.
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The EDNAP mitochondrial DNA population database (EMPOP) collaborative exercises: organisation, results and perspectives.
Walther Parson,Anita Brandstätter,Antonio Alonso,Nathalie Brandt,Bernd Brinkmann,Angel Carracedo,Daniel Corach,Olivier Froment,Ivana Furač,Tomasz Grzybowski,Karin Hedberg,Christine Keyser-Tracqui,Tomasz Kupiec,Sabine Lutz-Bonengel,B. Mevåg,Rafał Płoski,H. Schmitter,Peter M. Schneider,Denise Syndercombe-Court,Eric Sørensen,Heather Thew,Gillian Tully,R. Scheithauer +22 more
TL;DR: The results and earlier published concerns strongly emphasize the need for appropriate safety regulations when mtDNA profiles are compiled for database purposes in order to accomplish the high standard required for mtDNA databases that are used in the forensic context.
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The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to identify strawberry varieties: a forensic application.
TL;DR: This study confirms that the RAPD technique is especially suitable for identification of asexually reproduced plant varieties for forensic or agricultural purposes.