Journal ArticleDOI
Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis
Mark A. Jobling,Peter Gill +1 more
TLDR
For example, forensic DNA analysis is key to the conviction or exoneration of suspects and the identification of victims of crimes, accidents and disasters, driving the development of innovative methods in molecular genetics, statistics and the use of massive intelligence databases as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Sherlock Holmes said "it has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are infinitely the most important", but never imagined that such a little thing, the DNA molecule, could become perhaps the most powerful single tool in the multifaceted fight against crime. Twenty years after the development of DNA fingerprinting, forensic DNA analysis is key to the conviction or exoneration of suspects and the identification of victims of crimes, accidents and disasters, driving the development of innovative methods in molecular genetics, statistics and the use of massive intelligence databases.read more
Citations
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Resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of DNA to highly complex mixtures using high-density SNP genotyping microarrays.
Nils Homer,Nils Homer,Szabolcs Szelinger,Margot Redman,David Duggan,Waibhav Tembe,Jill Muehling,John V. Pearson,Dietrich A. Stephan,Stanley F. Nelson,David Craig +10 more
TL;DR: High-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping microarrays are used to demonstrate the ability to accurately and robustly determine whether individuals are in a complex genomic DNA mixture, and suggest future research efforts into assessing the viability of previously sub-optimal DNA sources due to sample contamination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Jasmonate passes muster: a receptor and targets for the defense hormone.
TL;DR: The oxylipin jasmonate (JA) regulates many aspects of growth, development, and environmental responses in plants, particularly defense responses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing.
TL;DR: The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving human forensics through advances in genetics, genomics and molecular biology
Manfred Kayser,Peter de Knijff +1 more
TL;DR: Advances in genetics, genomics and molecular biology are likely to improve human forensic case work in the near future, including new molecular approaches for finding individuals previously unknown to investigators, and new molecular methods to support links between forensic sample donors and criminal acts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Turning the Page: Advancing Paper-Based Microfluidics for Broad Diagnostic Application.
TL;DR: This review examines the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016 and highlights emerging health applications, such as male fertility testing and wearable diagnostics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of scientific evidence using Bayesian networks.
Paolo Garbolino,Franco Taroni +1 more
TL;DR: This paper proposes some simple Bayesian networks for standard analysis of patterns of inference concerning scientific evidence, with a discussion of the rationale behind the nets, the corresponding probabilistic formulas, and the required probability assessments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical analyses to support forensic interpretation for a new ten-locus STR profiling system.
L. A. Foreman,I. W. Evett +1 more
TL;DR: An investigation of match probability calculations is carried out and the consequent analyses are shown to provide support for proposed changes in how the FSS reports DNA results when very small match probabilities are involved.
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A high-performance multilane microdevice system designed for the DNA forensics laboratory
Nils Goedecke,Brian McKenna,Sameh El-Difrawy,Loucinda Carey,Paul Matsudaira,Daniel J. Ehrlich +5 more
TL;DR: Preliminary testing of “GeneTrack”, an instrument designed for the specific application of multiplexed short tandem repeat (STR) DNA analysis, demonstrates that an absolute, three‐sigma, peak accuracy of 0.4–0.9 base pair can be achieved for the CODIS 13‐locus multiplex, utilizing a single channel per sample.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation and casework application of a Y chromosome specific STR multiplex.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of validation experiments was performed for a Y chromosome specific STR multiplex system following the suggestions made by the Technical Working Group DNA Analysis Methods (TWGDAM), the multiplex PCR products were detected on Perkin-Elmer 373 and 377 automated sequencers using two labeling colors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Results of a collaborative study of the EDNAP group regarding mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy and segregation in hair shafts.
Gillian Tully,S.M Barritt,Klaus Bender,E Brignon,Cristian Capelli,N Dimo-Simonin,C. Eichmann,C.M Ernst,C Lambert,Maria Victoria Lareu,Bertrand Ludes,B. Mevåg,Walther Parson,Heidi Pfeiffer,A. Salas,Peter M. Schneider,E Staalstrom +16 more
TL;DR: The results showed that the C/T point heteroplasmy observed in blood and buccal cells at position 16234 segregated differentially between hairs, such that some hairs showed only C, others only T and the remainder, C/Ts at varying ratios, which has implications for forensic mtDNA typing.