Extreme events as sources of health vulnerability: Drought as an example
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In this paper, a better understanding of droughts and other extreme events as sources of vulnerability is needed, including the patterns of risks and how these could change over time, the reasons for any changes, how these risks could affect human health and well-being, and the longer-term consequences of extreme events for vulnerability.Abstract:
The health risks of climate change arise from the interactions of the hazards associated with a changing climate (e.g. increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events, such as drought), the communities exposed to those hazards, the susceptibility of communities to adverse health impacts when exposed, and the capacity to prepare for and cope with the hazard. However, there is a very limited understanding of how extreme weather and climate events could themselves be sources of vulnerability. Drought is used as an example of an extreme event that can simultaneously be a current hazard and can directly and indirectly influence future vulnerability. A better understanding of droughts and other extreme events as sources of vulnerability is needed, including (i) the patterns of risks and how these could change over time, (ii) the reasons for any changes, (iii) how these risks could affect human health and well-being, and (iv) the longer-term consequences of extreme events for vulnerability. This knowledge will become increasingly important for managing risks to health as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events increase with climate change.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters
TL;DR: The fourth assessment report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which was completed in 2007 stated that: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level".
Journal ArticleDOI
Drought vulnerability and risk assessments: state of the art, persistent gaps, and research agenda
Michael Hagenlocher,Isabel Meza,Carl C. Anderson,Annika Min,Fabrice G. Renaud,Yvonne Walz,Stefan Siebert,Zita Sebesvari +7 more
TL;DR: A systematic literature review of the state of the art of people-centered drought vulnerability and risk conceptualization and assessments, and identifying persisting gaps is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss the challenges associated with these findings for both assessment and identification of drought risk reduction measures and identify research needs to inform future research and policy agendas in order to advance the understanding of droughts and support pathways towards more drought resilient societies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic Drought: Definition, Challenges, and Opportunities
Amir AghaKouchak,Ali Mirchi,Kaveh Madani,Kaveh Madani,Giuliano Di Baldassarre,Ali Nazemi,Aneseh Alborzi,Hassan Anjileli,M. Azarderakhsh,Felicia Chiang,Elmira Hassanzadeh,Laurie S. Huning,Laurie S. Huning,Iman Mallakpour,Alexandre Martinez,Omid Mazdiyasni,Hamed Moftakhari,H. Norouzi,Mojtaba Sadegh,Dalal Sadeqi,Anne Van Loon,Niko Wanders +21 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define anthropogenic drought as a compound multidimensional and multiscale phenomenon, governed by the combination of natural water variability, climate change, human decisions and activities, and altered micro-climate conditions due to changes in land and water management.
Journal ArticleDOI
The centrality of social ties to climate migration and mental health
TL;DR: It is suggested that policies and programs that aim to maintain ongoing social ties among migrants and their family and community members may be critically important in efforts to enhance population resilience and adaptation to climate change and to improve mental health outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review: the nexus of climate change, food and nutrition security and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize the evidence for the links between climate change, food and nutrition security (FNS) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Pacific region and outlines the possible implications of these relationships.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk factors and clusters of risk factors for 21 regions in 1990 and 2010.
Journal ArticleDOI
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Theo Vos,Abraham D. Flaxman,Mohsen Naghavi,Rafael Lozano,Catherine Michaud,Majid Ezzati,Kenji Shibuya,Joshua A. Salomon,Safa Abdalla,Victor Aboyans,Jerry Abraham,Ilana N. Ackerman,Rakesh Aggarwal,Stephanie Y. Ahn,Mohammed K. Ali,Mohammad A. AlMazroa,Miriam Alvarado,H. Ross Anderson,Laurie M. Anderson,Kathryn G. Andrews,Charles Atkinson,Larry M. Baddour,Adil N. Bahalim,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Lope H Barrero,David Bartels,María-Gloria Basáñez,Amanda J Baxter,Michelle L. Bell,Emelia J. Benjamin,Derrick A Bennett,Eduardo Bernabé,Kavi Bhalla,Bishal Bhandari,Boris Bikbov,Aref A. Bin Abdulhak,Gretchen L. Birbeck,James A. Black,Hannah Blencowe,Jed D. Blore,Fiona M. Blyth,Ian Bolliger,Audrey Bonaventure,Soufiane Boufous,Rupert R A Bourne,Michel Boussinesq,Tasanee Braithwaite,Carol Brayne,Lisa Bridgett,Simon Brooker,Peter Brooks,Traolach S. Brugha,Claire Bryan-Hancock,Chiara Bucello,Rachelle Buchbinder,Geoffrey Buckle,Christine M. Budke,Michael Burch,Peter Burney,Roy Burstein,Bianca Calabria,Benjamin L. Campbell,Charles E. Canter,Hélène Carabin,Jonathan R. Carapetis,Loreto Carmona,Claudia Cella,Fiona J Charlson,Honglei Chen,Andrew T. A. Cheng,David Chou,Sumeet S. Chugh,Luc E. Coffeng,Steven D. Colan,Samantha M. Colquhoun,K. Ellicott Colson,John R. Condon,Myles Connor,Myles Connor,Myles Connor,Leslie T. Cooper,Matthew A. Corriere,Monica Cortinovis,Karen Courville De Vaccaro,William G. Couser,Benjamin C Cowie,Michael H. Criqui,Marita Cross,Kaustubh Dabhadkar,Manu Dahiya,Nabila Dahodwala,James Damsere-Derry,Goodarz Danaei,Adrian Davis,Diego De Leo,Louisa Degenhardt,Robert P. Dellavalle,Allyne Delossantos,Julie O. Denenberg,Sarah Derrett,Don C. Des Jarlais,Samath D Dharmaratne,Samath D Dharmaratne,Mukesh Dherani,Cesar Diaz-Torne,Helen Dolk,E. Ray Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Herbert C. Duber,Beth E. Ebel,Karen Edmond,Alexis Elbaz,S. Ali,Holly E. Erskine,Patricia J. Erwin,Patricia Espindola,Stalin E. 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Knowlton,Olive Kobusingye,Olive Kobusingye,Adofo Koranteng,Rita Krishnamurthi,Ratilal Lalloo,Laura L Laslett,Tim Lathlean,Janet L Leasher,Yong Yi Lee,James Leigh,Stephen S Lim,Elizabeth S Limb,John K Lin,Michael S Lipnick,Steven E. Lipshultz,Wei Liu,Maria Loane,Summer Lockett Ohno,Ronan A Lyons,Jixiang Ma,Jacqueline Mabweijano,Michael F. MacIntyre,Reza Malekzadeh,Leslie Mallinger,Sivabalan Manivannan,Wagner Marcenes,Lyn March,David J. Margolis,Guy B. Marks,Robin Marks,Akira Matsumori,Richard Matzopoulos,Richard Matzopoulos,Bongani M. Mayosi,John H. McAnulty,Mary M. McDermott,Neil McGill,John J. McGrath,María Elena Medina-Mora,Michele Meltzer,Ziad A. Memish,George A. Mensah,Tony R. Merriman,Ana-Claire Meyer,Valeria Miglioli,Matthew J. Miller,Ted R. Miller,Philip B. Mitchell,Ana Olga Mocumbi,Terrie E. Moffitt,Ali A. Mokdad,Lorenzo Monasta,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Andrew E. Moran,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Michele E. Murdoch,Michael K Mwaniki,Kovin Naidoo,M. 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Schwebel,James Scott,Maria Segui-Gomez,Saeid Shahraz,Donald S. Shepard,Hwashin Shin,Rupak Shivakoti,Donald H. Silberberg,David Singh,Gitanjali M Singh,Jasvinder A. Singh,Jessica Singleton,David A. Sleet,Karen Sliwa,Emma Smith,Jennifer L. Smith,Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg,Andrew C Steer,Timothy J. Steiner,Wilma A. Stolk,Lars Jacob Stovner,Christopher R. Sudfeld,Sana Syed,Giorgio Tamburlini,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Hugh R. Taylor,Jennifer A. Taylor,William J. Taylor,Bernadette Thomas,W. Murray Thomson,George D. Thurston,Imad M. Tleyjeh,Marcello Tonelli,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Thomas Truelsen,Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris,Clotilde Ubeda,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Marieke J. van der Werf,Jim van Os,Monica S. Vavilala,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Mengru Wang,Wenzhi Wang,Kerrianne Watt,David Weatherall,Martin A. Weinstock,Robert G. Weintraub,Marc G. Weisskopf,Myrna M. Weissman,Richard A. White,Harvey Whiteford,Steven T. Wiersma,James D. Wilkinson,Hywel C Williams,Sean R.M. Williams,Emma Witt,Frederick Wolfe,Anthony D. Woolf,Sarah Wulf,Pon Hsiu Yeh,Anita K. M. Zaidi,Zhi Jie Zheng,David Zonies,Alan D. Lopez,Christopher J L Murray +363 more
TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries
Robert E. Black,Cesar G. Victora,Susan P. Walker,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Parul Christian,Mercedes de Onis,Majid Ezzati,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Joanne Katz,Reynaldo Martorell,Ricardo Uauy +11 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.