Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B.
William E. Klunk,Henry Engler,Agneta Nordberg,Yanming Wang,G. Blomqvist,Daniel P. Holt,Mats Bergström,Irina Savitcheva,Guo Feng Huang,Sergio Estrada,Birgitta Ausén,Manik L. Debnath,Julien Barletta,Julie C. Price,Johan Sandell,Brian J. Lopresti,Anders Wall,Pernilla Koivisto,Gunnar Antoni,Chester A. Mathis,Bengt Långström +20 more
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TLDR
The results suggest that PET imaging with the novel tracer, PIB, can provide quantitative information on amyloid deposits in living subjects.Abstract:
This report describes the first human study of a novel amyloid-imaging positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, termed Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB), in 16 patients with diagnosed mild AD and 9 controls. Compared with controls, AD patients typically showed marked retention of PIB in areas of association cortex known to contain large amounts of amyloid deposits in AD. In the AD patient group, PIB retention was increased most prominently in frontal cortex (1.94-fold, p = 0.0001). Large increases also were observed in parietal (1.71-fold, p = 0.0002), temporal (1.52-fold, p = 0.002), and occipital (1.54-fold, p = 0.002) cortex and the striatum (1.76-fold, p = 0.0001). PIB retention was equivalent in AD patients and controls in areas known to be relatively unaffected by amyloid deposition (such as subcortical white matter, pons, and cerebellum). Studies in three young (21 years) and six older healthy controls (69.5 +/- 11 years) showed low PIB retention in cortical areas and no significant group differences between young and older controls. In cortical areas, PIB retention correlated inversely with cerebral glucose metabolism determined with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This relationship was most robust in the parietal cortex (r = -0.72; p = 0.0001). The results suggest that PET imaging with the novel tracer, PIB, can provide quantitative information on amyloid deposits in living subjects.read more
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Active and Passive Immunotherapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders
David L. Brody,David M. Holtzman +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding of the essential mechanisms underlying the effects seen in preclinical models and human subjects is still incomplete, and rapid progress has been made toward developing alternative, possibly safer active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches for several neurodegenerative conditions.
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Effect of APOE genotype on amyloid plaque load and gray matter volume in Alzheimer disease
Alexander Drzezga,Timo Grimmer,Gjermund Henriksen,Mark Mühlau,Robert Perneczky,I. Miederer,C. Praus,Christian Sorg,Afra M. Wohlschläger,Matthias Riemenschneider,Hj J. Wester,Hans Foerstl,M. Schwaiger,Alexander Kurz +13 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that the ε4-positive APOE genotype not only represents a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), but also results in higher levels of Aβ plaque deposition in ε 4-positive patients with AD compared to age-matched ε3-negative patients with similar levels of cognitive impairment and brain atrophy.
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Exercise counteracts declining hippocampal function in aging and Alzheimer's disease
TL;DR: Animal and human studies indicate that exercise provides a powerful stimulus that can countervail the molecular changes that underlie the progressive loss of hippocampal function in advanced age and AD.
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β-Amyloid, Blood Vessels, and Brain Function
TL;DR: Current evidence linking &bgr;-amyloid metabolism with vascular function and morphological changes in animals and humans is discussed.
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Effectiveness and Safety of 18F-FDG PET in the Evaluation of Dementia: A Review of the Recent Literature
TL;DR: Review of the recent literature demonstrates that the evidence for 18F-FDG PET in assessment of dementia has increased with new studies that include autopsy confirmation, wide-diagnostic-spectrum recruitment in primary care settings, historical and prospective cohort studies, and multicenter data analyses.
References
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Graphical Evaluation of Blood-to-Brain Transfer Constants from Multiple-Time Uptake Data. Generalizations:
TL;DR: General equations are derived that can be used to analyze tissue uptake data when the blood–plasma concentration of the test substance cannot be easily measured and for situations when trapping of theTest substance is incomplete and for a combination of these two conditions.
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