Journal ArticleDOI
Life and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
John H. Morrison,Patrick R. Hof +1 more
TLDR
The qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored.Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging are less well defined. For decades, it has been a commonly held notion that widespread neuron death in the neocortex and hippocampus is an inevitable concomitant of brain aging, but recent quantitative studies suggest that neuron death is restricted in normal aging and unlikely to account for age-related impairment of neocortical and hippocampal functions. In this article, the qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored. When these data are viewed comprehensively, it appears that the primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Sister grouping of chimpanzees and humans as revealed by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of brain gene expression profiles
Monica Uddin,Derek E. Wildman,Guozhen Liu,Wenbo Xu,Robert M. Johnson,Patrick R. Hof,Gregory Kapatos,Lawrence I. Grossman,Morris Goodman +8 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic results obtained from gene expression profiles contradict the traditional expectation that the non-human African apes should be more like each other than either should be like humans and demonstrate that chimpanzees are the sister group of humans.
Book ChapterDOI
Selective vulnerability of corticocortical and hippocampal circuits in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
John H. Morrison,Patrick R. Hof +1 more
TL;DR: The aging synapse may be the key to age-related memory decline, whereas neuron death is the more prominent and problematic culprit in AD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleavage
Julia Mills,Peter B. Reiner +1 more
TL;DR: The myriad ways in which first messengers regulate amyloid precursor protein catabolism as well as the signal transduction cascades that give rise to these effects are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insulin signaling and dietary restriction differentially influence the decline of learning and memory with age.
TL;DR: Novel C. elegans associative learning and memory assays reveal that insulin/IGF-1 signaling and dietary restriction pathways differentially maintain age-related memory decline by influencing expression levels of the transcription factor CREB.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell death mechanisms in Parkinson's disease
TL;DR: Findings which are in line with previous results in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease suggest that mechanisms distinct from classical apoptosis play a central role in the pathogenesis of PD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Heiko Braak,Eva Braak +1 more
TL;DR: The investigation showed that recognition of the six stages required qualitative evaluation of only a few key preparations, permitting the differentiation of six stages.
Journal ArticleDOI
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
TL;DR: The best understood form of long-term potentiation is induced by the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex, which allows electrical events at the postsynaptic membrane to be transduced into chemical signals which, in turn, are thought to activate both pre- and post Synaptic mechanisms to generate a persistent increase in synaptic strength.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path.
Timothy V. P. Bliss,T. Lømo +1 more
TL;DR: The after‐effects of repetitive stimulation of the perforant path fibres to the dentate area of the hippocampal formation have been examined with extracellular micro‐electrodes in rabbits anaesthetized with urethane.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia.
TL;DR: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CRD) was developed for a prospective study of mild senile dementia—Alzheimer type (SDAT), and was found to distinguish unambiguously among older subjects with a wide range of cognitive function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease
Suzanne S. Mirra,Albert Heyman,Daniel W. McKeel,S. M. Sumi,Barbara J. Crain,L. M. Brownlee,Vogel Fs,James P. Hughes,van Belle G,Leonard Berg +9 more
TL;DR: The Neuropathology Task Force of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) has developed a practical and standardized neuropathology protocol for the postmortem assessment of dementia and control subjects, which provides neuropathologic definitions of such terms as “definite Alzheimer's disease” (AD), “probable AD,” “possible AD” and “normal brain” to indicate levels of diagnostic certainty.