Journal ArticleDOI
Life and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
John H. Morrison,Patrick R. Hof +1 more
TLDR
The qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored.Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging are less well defined. For decades, it has been a commonly held notion that widespread neuron death in the neocortex and hippocampus is an inevitable concomitant of brain aging, but recent quantitative studies suggest that neuron death is restricted in normal aging and unlikely to account for age-related impairment of neocortical and hippocampal functions. In this article, the qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored. When these data are viewed comprehensively, it appears that the primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Perineuronal nets potentially protect against oxidative stress
TL;DR: It is shown that neurons ensheathed by a perineuronal net in the human cerebral cortex are less frequently affected by lipofuscin accumulation than neurons without a net both in normal-aged brain and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Journal ArticleDOI
Top-Down Modulation and Normal Aging
TL;DR: Using three converging technologies of human neurophysiology, it is discovered that healthy older adults exhibit a selective inability to effectively suppress neural activity associated with distracting information and that this top‐down suppression deficit is correlated with their memory impairment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.
Goran Šimić,Mirjana Babić Leko,Selina Wray,Charles R. Harrington,Ivana Delalle,Nataša Jovanov-Milošević,Danira Bažadona,Luc Buée,Rohan de Silva,Giuseppe Di Giovanni,Claude M. Wischik,Patrick R. Hof +11 more
TL;DR: Special emphasis is given to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and noradrenergic LC, among the first to be affected by tau protein abnormalities in the course of sporadic AD, causing behavioral and cognitive symptoms of variable severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dentate gyrus volume is reduced before onset of plaque formation in PDAPP mice: A magnetic resonance microscopy and stereologic analysis
Jeffrey M. Redwine,Barry E. Kosofsky,Russell E. Jacobs,Dora Games,John F. Reilly,John H. Morrison,Warren G. Young,Floyd E. Bloom +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that overexpression of APP and amyloid may initiate pathologic changes before the appearance of plaques, suggesting novel targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and further reinforcing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why is learning and memory dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes limited to older adults
TL;DR: What is known about learning and memory dysfunction in the adult with diabetes is summarized, the extent to which chronic hyperglycaemia may adversely affect the integrity of the CNS is examined, and the literature on age‐associated changes in brain morphology and cognitive function is reviewed, paying special attention to the threshold theory of cognitive impairment.
References
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Suzanne S. Mirra,Albert Heyman,Daniel W. McKeel,S. M. Sumi,Barbara J. Crain,L. M. Brownlee,Vogel Fs,James P. Hughes,van Belle G,Leonard Berg +9 more
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