New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses.
Suxiang Tong,Xueyong Zhu,Yan Li,Mang Shi,Jing Zhang,Melissa Bourgeois,Hua Yang,Xianfeng Chen,Sergio Recuenco,Jorge Gomez,Li-Mei Chen,Adam Johnson,Ying Tao,C. Dreyfus,Wenli Yu,Ryan McBride,Paul J. Carney,Amy T. Gilbert,Jessie Chang,Zhu Guo,Charles T. Davis,James C. Paulson,James Stevens,Charles E. Rupprecht,Charles E. Rupprecht,Edward C. Holmes,Edward C. Holmes,Ian A. Wilson,Ruben O. Donis +28 more
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TLDR
Using consensus degenerate RT-PCR, a novel influenza A virus is identified in a flat-faced fruit bat from Peru, indicating that bats constitute a potentially important and likely ancient reservoir for a diverse pool of influenza viruses.Abstract:
Aquatic birds harbor diverse influenza A viruses and are a major viral reservoir in nature. The recent discovery of influenza viruses of a new H17N10 subtype in Central American fruit bats suggests that other New World species may similarly carry divergent influenza viruses. Using consensus degenerate RT-PCR, we identified a novel influenza A virus, designated as H18N11, in a flat-faced fruit bat (Artibeus planirostris) from Peru. Serologic studies with the recombinant H18 protein indicated that several Peruvian bat species were infected by this virus. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that, in some gene segments, New World bats harbor more influenza virus genetic diversity than all other mammalian and avian species combined, indicative of a long-standing host-virus association. Structural and functional analyses of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase indicate that sialic acid is not a ligand for virus attachment nor a substrate for release, suggesting a unique mode of influenza A virus attachment and activation of membrane fusion for entry into host cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that bats constitute a potentially important and likely ancient reservoir for a diverse pool of influenza viruses.read more
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Tissue Tropisms of Avian Influenza A Viruses Affect Their Spillovers from Wild Birds to Pigs.
Xiaojian Zhang,Fred L. Cunningham,Lei Li,Katie C. Hanson-Dorr,Liyuan Liu,Kaitlyn Waters,Minhui Guan,Alicia K. Olivier,Brandon S. Schmit,Jacqueline M. Nolting,Andrew S. Bowman,Mia Kim Torchetti,Thomas J. DeLiberto,Xiu-Feng Wan +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that phenotypic variants of viral replication efficiency exist among avian IAVs but that only a few of these may result in viral shedding in pigs upon infection, providing opportunities for these viruses to become adapted to pigs, thus posing a higher potential risk for creating novel variants or detrimental reassortants within pig populations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A viruses is a universal influenza A vaccine candidate, and the authors used deep sequence analysis to study the mutational patterns in A/Puerto Rico/8/34 mice that evolve in chronically infected SCID mice that were treated with different M2e-specific MAbs.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the evolution of the originally avian PB1 gene in the circulating strains of human H3N2 influenza viruses, and found several specific residues dramatically changed around 2002-2009 and remained stable through to 2019.
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