Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases.
TLDR
This Review provides an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discusses how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.Abstract:
The proper functioning of the pathways that are involved in the sensing and management of nutrients is central to metabolic homeostasis and is therefore among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Metabolic systems are integrated with pathogen-sensing and immune responses, and these pathways are evolutionarily conserved. This close functional and molecular integration of the immune and metabolic systems is emerging as a crucial homeostatic mechanism, the dysfunction of which underlies many chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. In this Review we provide an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discuss how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.read more
Citations
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Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Innate to the Immunological Awareness of Adipose Tissue
TL;DR: The hypothesis that adipose tissue is immunologically aware by providing tantalizing clues to the underlying mechanisms of how the immune system processes and responds to “ other challenges,” such as sensing and storage of caloric excess in adiposes tissue and the integration of immune system with metabolism, remains largely unknown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunoresolving Lipid Mediators and Resolution of Inflammation in Aging
TL;DR: This review highlights the biosynthesis of SPM and cellular mechanisms that underscore their beneficial bioactions in the regulation of acute inflammation in age-related diseases and new opportunities in resolution pharmacology to target aging-associated chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Dissertation
Regulation of renal brush-border glucose transport in response to metabolic dysregulation
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that GLUT2 expression at the proximal tubule BBM is not solely a response to hyperglycaemia but also a renal response to whole-body metabolic dysregulation, and the modulation of glucose transporters in models of metabolic syndrome associated with diabetes is elucidated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Animal Kingdom, Agriculture⋯ and Seaweeds
TL;DR: Scientific evidence for the judicious use of various seaweeds in the reduction of heat stress, enhanced immunity, improved growth performance, and methane reduction in animals is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of cytokines in the processes of adaptive integration of immune and neuroendocrine reactions of the human body
TL;DR: The immune, endocrine and nervous systems are integrated due to the existence of reciprocal pathways for transmitting information about changes in their actual functional state, and there is strong evidence that this also applies to information obtained through the body's immune responses as discussed by the authors.
References
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Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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Inflammation and metabolic disorders
TL;DR: Dysfunction of the immune response and metabolic regulation interface can be viewed as a central homeostatic mechanism, dysfunction of which can lead to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance
TL;DR: A role for TNF-alpha in obesity and particularly in the insulin resistance and diabetes that often accompany obesity is indicated.
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Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.
Haiyan Xu,Glenn Barnes,Qing Yang,Guo Tan,Daseng Yang,Chieh J. Chou,Jason Sole,Andrew Nichols,Jeffrey S. Ross,Louis A. Tartaglia,Hong Chen +10 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that obesity-related insulin resistance is, at least in part, a chronic inflammatory disease initiated in adipose tissue, and that macrophage-related inflammatory activities may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
David Ron,Peter Walter +1 more
TL;DR: Together, at least three mechanistically distinct arms of the UPR regulate the expression of numerous genes that function within the secretory pathway but also affect broad aspects of cell fate and the metabolism of proteins, amino acids and lipids.