Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases.
TLDR
This Review provides an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discusses how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.Abstract:
The proper functioning of the pathways that are involved in the sensing and management of nutrients is central to metabolic homeostasis and is therefore among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Metabolic systems are integrated with pathogen-sensing and immune responses, and these pathways are evolutionarily conserved. This close functional and molecular integration of the immune and metabolic systems is emerging as a crucial homeostatic mechanism, the dysfunction of which underlies many chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. In this Review we provide an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discuss how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.read more
Citations
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Adipocyte Model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Reveals Differential Availability of Iron to Bacilli in the Lipid-Rich Caseous Environment
Ananya Nandy,Ananya Nandy,Anupam Kumar Mondal,Rajesh Pandey,Prabhakar Arumugam,Prabhakar Arumugam,Stanzin Dawa,Stanzin Dawa,Neetika Jaisinghani,Neetika Jaisinghani,Vivek Rao,Vivek Rao,Debasis Dash,Debasis Dash,Sheetal Gandotra +14 more
TL;DR: It is provided that oleic acid, a major host-derived fatty acid, helps reduce the bacterial cytoplasm, thereby providing a safe haven for an M. tuberculosis mutant that is sensitive to iron-mediated oxidative stress and host ferritin is also able to rescue the growth of this mutant.
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Dual-specificity phosphatases regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in adipocytes in response to inflammatory stress.
TL;DR: Important roles for DUSPs are highlighted as integral components of MAPK signaling and adipocyte inflammatory gene expression in chronic, low-grade inflammation.
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The Newly Developed Elderly Nutrient-Rich Food Score Is a Useful Tool to Assess Nutrient Density in European Older Adults.
TL;DR: The E-NRF7.3 score is a useful tool for assessing nutrient density of diets within the older population and best predicted the NU-AGE index, a measure of adherence to European dietary guidelines for the aging population.
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Addressing the gut microbiome and implications for obesity
TL;DR: How the gut microbiota is altered in obesity, some of the mechanisms by which it promotes disease development, and how pre- and probiotics may be used to improve metabolic diseases are discussed.
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Effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on the reduction of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic adult patients: CAT.
Carlos Poblete Aro,Javier Antonio Russell Guzmán,Marcelo Enrique Soto Muñoz,Bastián Eduardo Villegas González +3 more
TL;DR: Despite the fact that both training groups show improvements over markers of lipid profile and fitness, high intensity interval training has shown to be more effective in the normalization of oxidative stress, impacting positively on the concentration of pro-oxidant markers and antioxidants.
References
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.
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Inflammation and metabolic disorders
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Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.
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