Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases.
TLDR
This Review provides an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discusses how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.Abstract:
The proper functioning of the pathways that are involved in the sensing and management of nutrients is central to metabolic homeostasis and is therefore among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Metabolic systems are integrated with pathogen-sensing and immune responses, and these pathways are evolutionarily conserved. This close functional and molecular integration of the immune and metabolic systems is emerging as a crucial homeostatic mechanism, the dysfunction of which underlies many chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. In this Review we provide an overview of several important networks that sense and manage nutrients and discuss how they integrate with immune and inflammatory pathways to influence the physiological and pathological metabolic states in the body.read more
Citations
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Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease.
TL;DR: Preliminary results from clinical trials with salicylates and interleukin-1 antagonists support the notion that inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and have opened the door for immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of T2D that simultaneously lower blood glucose levels and potentially reduce the severity and prevalence of the associated complications of this disease.
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The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
Bolormaa Vandanmagsar,Yun-Hee Youm,Anthony Ravussin,Jose E. Galgani,Krisztian Stadler,Randall L. Mynatt,Eric Ravussin,Jacqueline M. Stephens,Vishwa Deep Dixit +8 more
TL;DR: It is established that calorie restriction and exercise-mediated weight loss in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in adipose tissue expression of Nlrp3 as well as with decreased inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity, and that the NlrP3 inflammasome senses obesity-associated danger signals and contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The multiple parallel hits hypothesis†
TL;DR: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and related signaling networks, (adipo)cytokines, and innate immunity are emerging as central pathways that regulate key features of NASH.
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Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5
Matam Vijay-Kumar,Jesse D. Aitken,Frederic A. Carvalho,Tyler C. Cullender,Simon M. Mwangi,Shanthi Srinivasan,Shanthi V. Sitaraman,Rob Knight,Ruth E. Ley,Andrew T. Gewirtz +9 more
TL;DR: Results support the emerging view that the gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease and suggest that malfunction of the innate immune system may promote the development of metabolic syndrome.
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NF-κB, inflammation, and metabolic disease.
TL;DR: It is now widely appreciated that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the initiation, propagation, and development of metabolic diseases, and numerous recent studies have implicated the transcription factor NF-κB in the development of such diseases, thereby further establishing inflammation as a critical factor in their etiology.
References
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TL;DR: A genomic analysis of two cellular models of insulin resistance, one induced by treatment with the cytokine tumour-necrosis factor-α and the other with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, suggests that reactive oxygen species levels are increased in both models, and increased ROS levels are an important trigger for insulin resistance in numerous settings.
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Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
Umut Ozcan,Erkan Yilmaz,Lale Ozcan,Masato Furuhashi,Eric Vaillancourt,Ross O. Smith,Cem Z. Görgün,Gökhan S. Hotamisligil +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that chemical chaperones enhance the adaptive capacity of the ER and act as potent antidiabetic modalities with potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism.
Andrew L. Mellor,David H. Munn +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes key recent developments and proposes a unifying model for the role of IDO in tolerance induction, including studies of mammalian pregnancy, tumour resistance, chronic infections and autoimmune diseases.
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Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-|[alpha]| function
TL;DR: Results indicate that TNF-α is an important mediator of insulin resistance in obesity through its effects on several important sites of insulin action.
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IKK-beta links inflammation to obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Melek C. Arkan,Andrea L. Hevener,Florian R. Greten,Shin Maeda,Zhi-Wei Li,Jeffrey M. Long,Anthony Wynshaw-Boris,Giuseppe Poli,Jerrold M. Olefsky,Michael Karin +9 more
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