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Technical Note: One year of Raman-lidar measurements in Gual Pahari EUCAARI site close to New Delhi in India – Seasonal characteristics of the aerosol vertical structure

TLDR
One year of multi-wavelength (3 backscatter + 2 extinction + 1 depolarization) Raman lidar measurements at Gual Pahari, close to New Delhi, were analyzed as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
. One year of multi-wavelength (3 backscatter + 2 extinction + 1 depolarization) Raman lidar measurements at Gual Pahari, close to New Delhi, were analysed. The data was split into four seasons: spring (March–May), summer (June–August), autumn (September–November) and winter (December–February). The vertical profiles of backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio and their variability during each season are presented. The measurements revealed that, on average, the aerosol layer was at its highest in spring (5.5 km). In summer, the vertically averaged (between 1–3 km) backscatter and extinction coefficients had the highest averages (3.3 Mm−1 sr−1 and 142 Mm−1 at 532 nm, respectively). Aerosol concentrations were slightly higher in summer compared to other seasons, and particles were larger in size. The autumn showed the highest lidar ratio and high extinction-related Angstrom exponents (AEext), indicating the presence of smaller probably absorbing particles. The winter had the lowest backscatter and extinction coefficients, but AEext was the highest, suggesting still a large amount of small particles.

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General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales

Markku Kulmala, +134 more
TL;DR: The European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI) as mentioned in this paper was the first project to study aerosol processes fron nano to global scale and their effects on climate and air quality.
Journal ArticleDOI

An overview of the first decade of Polly NET : an emerging network of automated Raman-polarization lidars for continuous aerosol profiling

TL;DR: PollyNET as mentioned in this paper consists of portable, remote-controlled multiwavelength-polarization-Raman lidars (Polly) for automated and continuous 24/7 observations of clouds and aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI

Carbonaceous aerosols and pollutants over Delhi urban environment: Temporal evolution, source apportionment and radiative forcing.

TL;DR: Concentrated weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis reveals that the potential sources for the carbonaceous aerosols and pollutants are local emissions within the urban environment and transported smoke from agricultural burning in northwest India during post-monsoon.
Journal ArticleDOI

Quantification of Aerosol Type, and Sources of Aerosols Over the Indo- Gangetic Plain

TL;DR: AOD spectra revealed that aerosol size distribution is dominated by wide range of fine mode fractions or mixture of modes during winter and post-monsoon, while during premonsoon and monsoon coarse mode aerosols are more abundant as discussed by the authors.
References
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle

TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
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Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments

TL;DR: A restatement of the more general solution of Fernald et al.l which is also applicable to mildly turbid atmospheres where both aerosol and molecular scatterers must be considered in the analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze

TL;DR: The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) documented this Indo-Asian haze at scales ranging from individual particles to its contribution to the regional climate forcing as discussed by the authors, and integrated the multiplatform observations (satellites, aircraft, ships, surface stations, and balloons) with one-and four-dimensional models to derive the regional aerosol forcing resulting from the direct, the semidirect and the two indirect effects.
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Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns

TL;DR: A simple analytical method is presented that shows some potential for application to the problem of extracting attenuation and backscatter coefficients in an inhomogeneous atmosphere from the return signal of a monostatic single-wavelength lidar system.
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