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Journal ArticleDOI

The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis

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TLDR
Several lines of evidence suggest that alternative mechanisms-including pharmacokinetic variability, induction of efflux pumps that transport the drug out of cells, and suboptimal drug penetration into tuberculosis lesions-are likely crucial to the pathogenesis of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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This article is published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.The article was published on 2017-04-01. It has received 461 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bedaquiline & Delamanid.

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MptpB Promotes Mycobacteria Survival by Inhibiting the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Cell Apoptosis in Macrophages.

TL;DR: It is found that secreted Mtb virulence factor MptpB significantly enhanced the survival of H37Rv in macrophages by inhibiting host inflammatory responses and apoptosis through impeding the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways and p53 expression in the macrophage.
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Availability and Use of Therapeutic Interchange Policies in Managing Antimicrobial Shortages among South African Public Sector Hospitals; Findings and Implications.

TL;DR: Antimicrobial shortages are prevalent in South African public sector hospitals with the most affected being penicillins and cephalosporins and therapeutic interchange policies are not available at most hospitals.
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Diagnostic accuracy evaluation of the conventional and molecular tests for Spinal Tuberculosis in a cohort, head-to-head study.

TL;DR: New molecular tests demonstrated excellent efficiency for spinal TB diagnosis in this cohort study, so their application as initial diagnostic tools would greatly increase the proportion of confirmed cases and dramatically reduce the delay of appropriate treatment.
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Tuberculosis: An Overview of the Immunogenic Response, Disease Progression, and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts in the Last Decade toward the Development of Potential Drugs for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Strains.

TL;DR: In this article, a review aims to raise awareness of the rapidly increasing incidences of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, highlighting the significant modifications that were introduced in the TB treatment regimen over the past decade.
References
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Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology.

TL;DR: A novel method based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
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Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: recommendations for a standardized methodology.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardized technique which exploits variability in both the number and genomic position of IS6110 to generate strain-specific patterns for DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Developmental Pharmacology — Drug Disposition, Action, and Therapy in Infants and Children

TL;DR: This review examines the developmental changes that profoundly affect the responses of children to medications and related therapies in the very young.
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Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa

TL;DR: MDR tuberculosis is more prevalent than previously realised in a rural area in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa and has been transmitted to HIV co-infected patients and is associated with high mortality.
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Detection of rifampicin-resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

TL;DR: Substitution of a limited number of highly conserved aminoacids encoded by the rpoB gene appears to be the molecular mechanism responsible for "single step" high-level resistance to rifampicin in M tuberculosis, a marker of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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How to cure tuberculosis without medicine?

This poses several challenges similar to those encountered in the pre-chemotherapy era, including the inability to cure tuberculosis, high mortality, and the need for alternative methods to prevent disease transmission.