Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota and obesity: from correlation to causality
TLDR
Using Koch's postulates as a conceptual framework, the chain of causation from alterations in the gut microbiota, particularly of the endotoxin-producing members, to the development of obesity in both rodents and humans is explored.Abstract:
The gut microbiota has been linked with chronic diseases such as obesity in humans. However, the demonstration of causality between constituents of the microbiota and specific diseases remains an important challenge in the field. In this Opinion article, using Koch's postulates as a conceptual framework, I explore the chain of causation from alterations in the gut microbiota, particularly of the endotoxin-producing members, to the development of obesity in both rodents and humans. I then propose a strategy for identifying the causative agents of obesity in the human microbiota through a combination of microbiome-wide association studies, mechanistic analysis of host responses and the reproduction of diseases in gnotobiotic animals.read more
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Short-chain Fatty Acids in Control of Body Weight and Insulin Sensitivity
TL;DR: This Review discusses the effects of three SCFA on energy homeostasis and metabolism, as well as how these SCFA can beneficially modulate adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver tissue function and the increasing evidence for a potential role of SCFA as metabolic targets to prevent and counteract obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes
Liping Zhao,Liping Zhao,Feng Zhang,Xiaoying Ding,Guojun Wu,Yan Y. Lam,Xuejiao Wang,Huaqing Fu,Xinhe Xue,Chunhua Lu,Jilin Ma,Lihua Yu,Chengmei Xu,Zhongying Ren,Ying Xu,Songmei Xu,Hongli Shen,Xiuli Zhu,Yu Shi,Qingyun Shen,Weiping Dong,Rui Liu,Yunxia Ling,Yue Zeng,Xing-peng Wang,Qianpeng Zhang,Jing Wang,Linghua Wang,Yanqiu Wu,Benhua Zeng,Hong Wei,Menghui Zhang,Yongde Peng,Chenhong Zhang +33 more
TL;DR: It is found that adopting a high-fiber diet promoted the growth of SCFA-producing organisms in diabetic humans and had better improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults
Edward S. Chambers,Alexander Viardot,Arianna Psichas,Douglas J. Morrison,Kevin G Murphy,Sagen Zac-Varghese,Kenneth MacDougall,Tom Preston,Catriona Tedford,Graham Finlayson,John E. Blundell,Jimmy D. Bell,E. Louise Thomas,Shahrul Mt-Isa,Deborah Ashby,Glen R. Gibson,Sofia Kolida,Walijit S. Dhillo,Stephen R. Bloom,Wayne Morley,Stuart Clegg,Gary Frost +21 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that increasing colonic propionate prevents weight gain in overweight adult humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota.
Chih-Jung Chang,Chuan-Sheng Lin,Chia-Chen Lu,Jan Martel,Yun-Fei Ko,David M. Ojcius,Shun-Fu Tseng,Tsung-Ru Wu,Yi-Yuan Margaret Chen,John D. Young,Hsin-Chih Lai +10 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that G. lucidum and its high molecular weight polysaccharides may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic disorders in obese individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics
TL;DR: It is argued that advances in the understanding of diet–microbiome–host interactions challenge important aspects of the current concept of prebiotics, and especially the requirement for effects to be 'selective' or 'specific'.
References
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.