The Immune Biology of Microsatellite-Unstable Cancer
TLDR
The current understanding of the immune biology of MSI cancers is summarized and new concepts and research directions to develop not only therapeutic treatments, but also preventive vaccines based on the MSI cancer genome landscapes are outlined.Abstract:
Deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) boosts the accumulation of frameshift mutations in genes encompassing coding microsatellites (cMS). This results in the translation of proteins with mutation-induced frameshift peptides (neoantigens) rendering microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers highly immunogenic. MSI cancers express a defined set of neoantigens resulting from functionally relevant driver mutations, which are shared by most MSI cancers. Patients with MSI cancers and healthy individuals affected by Lynch syndrome, an inherited predisposition for MSI cancers, develop specific immune responses against these neoantigens. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the immune biology of MSI cancers and outline new concepts and research directions to develop not only therapeutic treatments, but also preventive vaccines based on the MSI cancer genome landscapes.read more
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Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: rationale, challenges and potential.
Karuna Ganesh,Zsofia K. Stadler,Andrea Cercek,Robin B. Mendelsohn,Jinru Shia,Neil H. Segal,Luis A. Diaz +6 more
TL;DR: Clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibition in CRC leading to regulatory approvals for the treatment of dMMR–MSI-H CRC is reviewed and new advances in expanding the efficacy of immunotherapy to early-stage CRC and CRC that is mismatch-repair-proficient and has low microsatellite instability (pMMR- MSI-L) are focused on.
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Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced endometrial cancer: an interim analysis of a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Vicky Makker,Drew W. Rasco,Nicholas J. Vogelzang,Marcia S. Brose,Allen Lee Cohn,James W. Mier,Christopher Di Simone,David M. Hyman,Daniel E. Stepan,Corina E. Dutcus,Emmett V. Schmidt,Matthew Guo,Pallavi Sachdev,Robert Shumaker,Carol Aghajanian,Matthew H. Taylor +15 more
TL;DR: Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab showed anti-tumour activity in patients with advanced recurrent endometrial cancer with a safety profile that was similar to those previously reported for lenvatinIB and pembrology monotherapies, apart from an increased frequency of hypothyroidism.
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Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy
Silvia Vivarelli,Rossella Salemi,Saverio Candido,Luca Falzone,Maria Santagati,Stefania Stefani,Francesco Torino,Giuseppe Luigi Banna,Giuseppe Tonini,Massimo Libra +9 more
TL;DR: Novel strategies integrating probiotics, such as LGG, with conventional anti-cancer therapies are strongly encouraged, because of the tight association between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis, as well as Gut microbiota and anti- cancer therapy.
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‘Final common pathway’ of human cancer immunotherapy: targeting random somatic mutations
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Difference Between Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Focused Review of Literature.
TL;DR: Left-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC) patients benefit more from adjuvant chemotherapies such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimes, and targeted therapies such as anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy, and have a better prognosis.
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Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
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