The role of mucosal immunity and host genetics in defining intestinal commensal bacteria.
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TLDR
Understanding of mechanisms by which commensal bacteria are controlled and shaped into functional communities by innate and adaptive immune responses, antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and host genetic factors should help develop strategies to correct dysfunctional altered microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals.Abstract:
Purpose of review
Dramatic advances in molecular characterization of the largely noncultivable enteric microbiota have facilitated better understanding of the composition of this complex ecosystem at broad phylogenetic levels. This review outlines current understanding of mechanisms by which commensal bacteria are controlled and shaped into functional communities by innate and adaptive immune responses, antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and host genetic factors.read more
Citations
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Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease
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The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life.
Juan M. Rodríguez,Kiera Murphy,Catherine Stanton,R. Paul Ross,Olivia I. Kober,Nathalie Juge,Ekaterina Avershina,Knut Rudi,Arjan Narbad,Maria C. Jenmalm,Julian Marchesi,Maria Carmen Collado +11 more
TL;DR: A review discusses recent studies on the early colonization and factors influencing this process which impact on health and an adequate establishment of microbiota and its maintenance throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life.
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Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics
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Relationship between intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis: Mechanisms and clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation
Zhaohua Shen,Changxin Zhu,Yongsheng Quan,Zhenyu Yang,Shuai Wu,Weiwei Luo,Bei Tan,Xiaoyan Wang +7 more
TL;DR: The role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of UC is reviewed and probiotics and FMT are being increasingly used to treat UC, but their use is controversial because of uncertain efficacy.
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Microbiotas from Humans with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Alter the Balance of Gut Th17 and RORγt+ Regulatory T Cells and Exacerbate Colitis in Mice.
Graham J. Britton,Eduardo J. Contijoch,Ilaria Mogno,Olivia H. Vennaro,Sean R. Llewellyn,Ruby Ng,Zhihua Li,Arthur Mortha,Arthur Mortha,Miriam Merad,Anuk Das,Dirk Gevers,Dermot P.B. McGovern,Namita Singh,Jonathan Braun,Jonathan P. Jacobs,Jose C. Clemente,Ari Grinspan,Bruce E. Sands,Jean-Frederic Colombel,Marla Dubinsky,Jeremiah J. Faith +21 more
TL;DR: An impact on intestinal Th17 and ROR&ggr;t+ regulatory T cell compartments emerges as a unifying feature of IBD microbiotas, suggesting a general mechanism for microbial contribution to IBD pathogenesis.
References
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Journal ArticleDOI
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
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TL;DR: The faecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers are characterized to address how host genotype, environmental exposure and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases
Daniel N. Frank,Allison L. St. Amand,Robert A. Feldman,Edgar C. Boedeker,Noam Harpaz,Norman R. Pace +5 more
TL;DR: Patient stratification by GI microbiota provides further evidence that CD represents a spectrum of disease states and suggests that treatment of some forms of IBD may be facilitated by redress of the detected microbiological imbalances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivaylo I. Ivanov,Koji Atarashi,Nicolas Manel,Eoin L. Brodie,Tatsuichiro Shima,Ulas Karaoz,Dongguang Wei,Katherine C. Goldfarb,Clark A. Santee,Susan V. Lynch,Takeshi Tanoue,Akemi Imaoka,Kikuji Itoh,Kiyoshi Takeda,Yoshinori Umesaki,Kenya Honda,Dan R. Littman +16 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that colonisation of mice with a segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients
Harry Sokol,Bénédicte Pigneur,Laurie Watterlot,Omar Lakhdari,Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán,Jean-Jacques Gratadoux,Sébastien Blugeon,Chantal Bridonneau,Jean-Pierre Furet,Gérard Corthier,Corinne Grangette,Nadia Vasquez,Philippe Pochart,Germain Trugnan,Ginette Thomas,Hervé M. Blottière,Joël Doré,Philippe Marteau,Philippe Seksik,Philippe Langella +19 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that counterbalancing dysbiosis using F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in CD treatment and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on cellular and TNBS colitis models, partly due to secreted metabolites able to block NF-κB activation and IL-8 production.
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