The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the mean gray matter volume of this anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) cortex is abnormally reduced in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, irrespective of mood state.Abstract:
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ventral to the genu of the corpus callosum has been implicated in the modulation of emotional behavior on the basis of neuroimaging studies in humans and lesion analyses in experimental animals. In a combined positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging study of mood disorders, we demonstrated that the mean gray matter volume of this "subgenual" ACC (sgACC) cortex is abnormally reduced in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, irrespective of mood state. Neuropathological assessments of sgACC tissue acquired postmortem from subjects with MDD or bipolar disorder confirmed the decrement in gray matter volume, and revealed that this abnormality was associated with a reduction in glia, with no equivalent loss of neurons. In positron emission tomography studies, the metabolic activity was elevated in this region in the depressed relative to the remitted phases of the same MDD subjects, and effective antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduction in sgACC activity. Other laboratories replicated and extended these findings, and the clinical importance of this treatment effect was underscored by a study showing that deep brain stimulation of the sgACC ameliorates depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant MDD. This article discusses the functional significance of these findings within the context of the preclinical literature that implicates the putative homologue of this region in the regulation of emotional behavior and stress response. In experimental animals, this region participates in an extended "visceromotor network" of structures that modulates autonomic/neuroendocrine responses and neurotransmitter transmission during the neural processing of reward, fear, and stress. These data thus hold important implications for the development of neural models of depression that can account for the abnormal motivational, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and emotional manifestations evident in human mood disorders.read more
Citations
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Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression
TL;DR: Because the MPFC and related limbic structures provide forebrain modulation over visceral control structures in the hypothalamus and brainstem, their dysfunction can account for the disturbances in autonomic regulation and neuroendocrine responses that are associated with mood disorders.
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Neurocircuitry of Mood Disorders
Joseph L. Price,Wayne C. Drevets +1 more
TL;DR: A system has been described that links the medial prefrontal cortex and a few related cortical areas to the amygdala, the ventral striatum and pallidum, the medial thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the periaqueductal gray and other parts of the brainstem, which indicates that this system is centrally involved in mood disorders.
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Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness.
David R. Vago,David Silbersweig +1 more
TL;DR: An integrative theoretical framework and systems-based neurobiological model is provided that explains the mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related to self-processing and creates a sustainable healthy mind.
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Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targets for Depression Is Related to Intrinsic Functional Connectivity with the Subgenual Cingulate
Michael D. Fox,Michael D. Fox,Michael D. Fox,Randy L. Buckner,Matthew P. White,Michael D. Greicius,Alvaro Pascual-Leone,Alvaro Pascual-Leone +7 more
TL;DR: Reported antidepressant efficacy of different left DLPFC TMS sites is related to the anticorrelation of each site with the subgenual cingulate, potentially lending insight into the antidepressant mechanism of TMS and suggesting a role for intrinsically anticorrelated networks in depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group.
Lianne Schmaal,Derrek P. Hibar,Philipp G. Sämann,Geoffrey B. Hall,Bernhard T. Baune,Neda Jahanshad,Joshua W. Cheung,T.G.M. van Erp,Daniel Bos,M. A. Ikram,Meike W. Vernooij,Wiro J. Niessen,Wiro J. Niessen,Henning Tiemeier,Henning Tiemeier,A. Hofman,Katharina Wittfeld,Hans-Jörgen Grabe,Hans-Jörgen Grabe,Deborah Janowitz,Robin Bülow,M Selonke,Henry Völzke,Dominik Grotegerd,Udo Dannlowski,Udo Dannlowski,Volker Arolt,Nils Opel,Walter Heindel,Harald Kugel,D. Hoehn,Michael Czisch,Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne,Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne,Miguel E. Rentería,Lachlan T. Strike,Margaret J. Wright,Natalie T. Mills,Natalie T. Mills,G.I. de Zubicaray,Katie L. McMahon,Sarah E. Medland,Nicholas G. Martin,Nathan A. Gillespie,Roberto Goya-Maldonado,Oliver Gruber,Bernd Krämer,Sean N. Hatton,Jim Lagopoulos,Ian B. Hickie,Thomas Frodl,Thomas Frodl,Angela Carballedo,Eva-Maria Frey,L. S. van Velzen,B.W.J.H. Penninx,M-J van Tol,N.J. van der Wee,Christopher G. Davey,Ben J. Harrison,Benson Mwangi,Bo Cao,Jair C. Soares,Ilya M. Veer,Henrik Walter,D. Schoepf,Bartosz Zurowski,Carsten Konrad,Elisabeth Schramm,Claus Normann,Knut Schnell,Matthew D. Sacchet,Ian H. Gotlib,Glenda MacQueen,Beata R. Godlewska,Thomas Nickson,Andrew M. McIntosh,Andrew M. McIntosh,Martina Papmeyer,Martina Papmeyer,Heather C. Whalley,Jeremy Hall,Jeremy Hall,J.E. Sussmann,Meng Li,Martin Walter,Martin Walter,Lyubomir I. Aftanas,Ivan Brack,Nikolay A. Bokhan,Nikolay A. Bokhan,Nikolay A. Bokhan,Paul M. Thompson,Dick J. Veltman +93 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD.
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TL;DR: Various findings are reviewed in relation to the idea that ACC is a part of a circuit involved in a form of attention that serves to regulate both cognitive and emotional processing, and how the success of this regulation in controlling responses might be correlated with cingulate size.
Journal ArticleDOI
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