Showing papers by "Takashi Saito published in 2007"

Variable very high energy γ-ray emission from markarian 501

Abstract: The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed at energies above 100 GeV with the MAGIC telescope from May through July 2005. The high sensitivity of the instrument enabled the determination of the flux and spectrum of the source on a night-by-night basis. Throughout our observational campaign, the flux from Mrk 501 was found to vary by an order of magnitude, and to be correlated with spectral changes. Intra-night flux variability with flux-doubling times down to 2 minutes was also observed. The strength of variability increased with the energy of the {gamma}-ray photons. The energy spectra were found to harden significantly with increasing flux, and a spectral peak clearly showed up during very active states. The position of the spectral peak seems to be correlated with the source luminosity.

The adaptor protein CARD9 is essential for the activation of myeloid cells through ITAM-associated and Toll-like receptors.

Abstract: The adaptor protein CARD9 is essential for the activation of myeloid cells through ITAM-associated and Toll-like receptors

Very high energy gamma-ray radiation from the stellar mass black hole binary cygnus X-1

Abstract: We report on the results from the observations in the very high energy band ( VHE; GeV) of the black E = 100 g hole X- ray binary ( BHXB) Cygnus X- 1. The observations were performed with the MAGIC telescope, for a total of 40 hr during 26 nights, spanning the period between 2006 June and November. Searches for steady gamma - ray signals yielded no positive result, and upper limits to the integral flux ranging between 1% and 2% of the Crab Nebula flux, depending on the energy, have been established. We also analyzed each observation night independently, obtaining evidence of gamma- ray signals at the 4.0 j significance level ( 3.2 j after trial correction) for 154 minutes of effective on- time ( EOT) on September 24 between 20: 58 and 23: 41 UTC, coinciding with an X- ray flare seen by RXTE, Swift, and INTEGRAL. A search for faster- varying signals within a night resulted in an excess with a significance of 4.9 j ( 4.1 j after trial correction) for 79 minutes EOT between 22: 17 and 23: 41 UTC. The measured excess is compatible with a pointlike source at the position of Cygnus X- 1 and excludes the nearby radio nebula powered by its relativistic jet. The differential energy spectrum is well fitted by an unbroken power law described as dN/(dA dt dE) = ( 2.3 +/- 0.6)* 10 ( E/1TeV). This is the first experimental evidence of VHE emission from a stellar mass black hole and therefore from a confirmed accreting X- ray binary.

Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma Radiation from IC 443 with the MAGIC Telescope

Abstract: We report the detection of a new source of very high energy (VHE; E-gamma >= 100 GeV) gamma- ray emission located close to the Galactic plane, MAGIC J0616 + 225, which is spatially coincident with supernova remnant IC 443. The observations were carried out with the MAGIC telescope in the periods 2005 December-2006 January and 2006 December-2007 January. Here we present results from this source, leading to a VHE gamma-ray signal with a statistical significance of 5.7 sigma in the 2006/2007 data and a measured differential gamma-ray flux consistent with a power law, described as dN(gamma)/(dA dt dE) = (1.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-11) (E/0.4 TeV)(-3.1 +/- 0.3) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1. We briefly discuss the observational technique used and the procedure implemented for the data analysis. The results are placed in the context of the multiwavelength emission and the molecular environment found in the region of IC 443.

Cutting Edge: TLR2 Directly Triggers Th1 Effector Functions

Abstract: Toll-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, activate innate immunity, and consequently modulate adaptive immunity in response to infections. TLRs are also expressed on T cells, and it has been shown that T cell activation is modulated by TLR ligands. However, the functions of TLRs on Th1 and Th2 effector cells and the molecular mechanisms underlying TLR-mediated activation are not fully understood. We analyzed TLR functions and downstream signaling events in both effector T cells. In mouse Th1 cells the stimulation by TLR2 but not by other TLRs directly induced IFN-gamma production, cell proliferation, and cell survival without TCR stimulation, and these effects were greatly enhanced by IL-2 or IL-12 through the enhanced activation of MAPKs. In contrast, no TLR affected the function of effector Th2 cells. These results identify TLR2 as a new specific activator of Th1 cell function and imply the involvement in Th1-mediated responses.

Discovery of very high energy γ-rays from 1ES 1011+496 at z = 0.212

Abstract: We report on the discovery of very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1011+496. The observation was triggered by an optical outburst in 2007 March and the source was observed with the MAGIC telescope from 2007 March to May. Observing for 18.7 hr, we find an excess of 6.2 sigma with an integrated flux above 200 GeV of ( 1.58 +/- 0.32) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1). The VHE gamma-ray flux is > 40% higher than in 2006 March-April ( reported elsewhere), indicating that the VHE emission state may be related to the optical emission state. We have also determined the redshift of 1ES 1011+496 based on an optical spectrum that reveals the absorption lines of the host galaxy. The redshift of z = 0.212 makes 1ES 1011+496 the most distant source observed to emit VHE gamma-rays to date.

Unfolding of differential energy spectra in the MAGIC experiment

Abstract: The paper describes the different methods, used in the MAGIC experiment, to unfold experimental energy distributions of cosmic ray particles (gamma-rays). Questions and problems related to the unfolding are discussed. Various procedures are proposed which can help to make the unfolding robust and reliable. The different methods and procedures are implemented in the MAGIC software and are used in most of the analyses. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Construction of an open-access database that integrates cross-reference information from the transcriptome and proteome of immune cells

Abstract: Motivation: Although a huge amount of mammalian genomic data does become publicly available, there are still hurdles for biologists to overcome before such data can be fully exploited. One of the challenges for gaining biological insight from genomic data has been the inability to cross-reference transcriptomic and proteomic data using a single informational platform. To address this, we constructed an open-access database that enabled us to cross-reference transcriptomic and proteomic data obtained from immune cells. Results: The database, named RefDIC (Reference genomics Database of Immune Cells), currently contains: (i) quantitative mRNA profiles for human and mouse immune cells/tissues obtained using Affymetrix GeneChip technology; (ii) quantitative protein profiles for mouse immune cells obtained using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by image analysis and mass spectrometry and (iii) various visualization tools to cross-reference the mRNA and protein profiles of immune cells. RefDIC is the first open-access database for immunogenomics and serves as an important information-sharing platform, enabling a focused genomic approach in immunology. Availability: All raw data and information can be accessed from http://refdic.rcai.riken.jp/. The microarray data is also available at http://cibex.nig.ac.jp/ under CIBEX accession no. CBX19, and http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/ under PRIDE accession numbers 2354–2378 and 2414. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Sub-5-fs real-time spectroscopy of transition states in bacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization.

Abstract: By using a sub-5-fs visible laser pulse, we have made the first observation of the vibrational spectra of the transition state during trans-cis isomerization in the retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin (bR(S68). No instant isomerization of the retinal occurs in spite of electron promotion from the bonding pi-orbital to the anti-bonding pi*-orbital. The difference between the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrational frequencies (about 1150-1250 and 900-1000 cm(-1), respectively) is reduced during the first time period. The vibrational spectra after this period became very broad and weak and are ascribed to a "silent state." The silent state lasts for 700-900 fs until the chromophore isomerizes to the cis-C13 = C14 conformation. The frequency of the C = C stretching mode was modulated by the torsion mode of the C13 = C14 double bond with a period of 200 fs. The modulation was clearly observed for four to five periods. Using the empirical equation for the relation between bond length and stretching frequency, we determined the transitional C = C bond length with about 0.01 angstroms accuracy during the torsion motion around the double bond with 1-fs time resolution.

Implication of the sidereal anisotropy of ∼5 TeV cosmic ray intensity observed with the Tibet III air shower array

Abstract: We show that the large‐scale anisotropy of ∼5 TeV galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity observed by Tibet Air Shower experiment can be reproduced by the superposition of a bi‐directional and uni‐directional flows (UDF and BDF) of GCRs. The heliosphere is located inside the local interstellar cloud (LIC) very close to the inner edge of the LIC. If the GCR population is lower inside the LIC than outside, the BDF flow is expected from the parallel diffusion of GCRs into LIC along the local interstellar magnetic field (LISMF) connecting the heliosphere with the region outside the LIC, where the GCR population is higher. A type of the UDF, on the other hand, is expected from the B×∇n drift flux driven by a gradient of GCR density (n) in the LISMF (B). The LISMF orientation deduced from the best‐fit direction of the BDF is almost parallel to the galactic plane and more consistent with the suggestion of Frisch (1996) than that of Lallement et al. (2005). We note that the model, if holds, yields the LISMF polarity together with its orientation.

LAT and NTAL mediate immunoglobulin E-induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation critical for mast cell survival.

Abstract: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) induces mast cell survival in the absence of antigen (Ag) through the high-affinity IgE receptor, Fcepsilon receptor I (FcepsilonRI) Although we have shown that protein tyrosine kinase Syk and sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation are required for IgE-induced mast cell survival, how Syk couples with sustained Erk activation is still unclear Here, we report that the transmembrane adaptors LAT and NTAL are phosphorylated slowly upon IgE stimulation and that sustained but not transient Erk activation induced by IgE was inhibited in LAT(-/-) NTAL(-/-) bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) IgE-induced survival requires Ras activation, and both were impaired in LAT(-/-) NTAL(-/-) BMMCs Sos was preferentially required for FcepsilonRI signals by IgE rather than IgE plus Ag Survival impaired in LAT(-/-) NTAL(-/-) BMMCs was restored to levels comparable to those of the wild type by membrane-targeted Sos, which bypasses the Grb2-mediated membrane recruitment of Sos The IgE-induced survival of BMMCs lacking Gads, an adaptor critical for the formation of the LAT-SLP-76-phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) complex, was observed to be normal IgE stimulation induced the membrane retention of Grb2-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in wild-type but not LAT(-/-) NTAL(-/-) BMMCs These results suggest that LAT and NTAL contribute to the maintenance of Erk activation and survival through the membrane retention of the Ras-activating complex Grb2-Sos and, further, that the LAT-Gads-SLP-76-PLCgamma and LAT/NTAL-Grb2-Sos pathways are differentially required for degranulation and survival, respectively

Implication of the sidereal anisotropy of ∼5 TeV cosmic ray intensity observed with the Tibet III air shower array

Abstract: We show that the large‐scale anisotropy of ∼5 TeV galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity observed by Tibet Air Shower experiment can be reproduced by the superposition of a bi‐directional and uni‐directional flows (UDF and BDF) of GCRs. The heliosphere is located inside the local interstellar cloud (LIC) very close to the inner edge of the LIC. If the GCR population is lower inside the LIC than outside, the BDF flow is expected from the parallel diffusion of GCRs into LIC along the local interstellar magnetic field (LISMF) connecting the heliosphere with the region outside the LIC, where the GCR population is higher. A type of the UDF, on the other hand, is expected from the B×∇n drift flux driven by a gradient of GCR density (n) in the LISMF (B). The LISMF orientation deduced from the best‐fit direction of the BDF is almost parallel to the galactic plane and more consistent with the suggestion of Frisch (1996) than that of Lallement et al. (2005). We note that the model, if holds, yields the LISMF polarity ...

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Enhancing Sensory Neuron Activation

Abstract: We recently demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from sensory neurons reduces spinal cord injury (SCI) by inhibiting neutrophil activation through an increase in the endothelial production of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) Carperitide, a synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury However, its precise therapeutic mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated In the present study, we examined whether ANP reduces I/R-induced spinal cord injury by enhancing sensory neuron activation using rats ANP increased CGRP release and cellular cAMP levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from rats in vitro The increase in CGRP release induced by ANP was reversed by pretreatment with capsazepine, an inhibitor of vanilloid receptor-1 activation, or with (9S, 10S, 12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]-benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid hexyl ester (KT5720), an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), suggesting that ANP might increase CGRP release from sensory neurons by activating PKA through an increase in the cellular cAMP level Spinal cord ischemia was induced in rats using a balloon catheter placed in the aorta ANP reduced mortality and motor disturbances by inhibiting reduction of the number of motor neurons in animals subjected to SCI ANP significantly enhanced I/R-induced increases in spinal cord tissue levels of CGRP and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) a stable metabolite of PGI(2) ANP inhibited I/R-induced increases in spinal cord tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor and myeloperoxidase Pretreatment with 4'-chloro-3-methoxycinnamanilide (SB366791), a specific vanilloid receptor-1 antagonist, and indomethacin reversed the effects of ANP These results strongly suggest that ANP might reduce I/R-induced SCI in rats by inhibiting neutrophil activation through enhancement of sensory neuron activation

Cloning of B cell-specific membrane tetraspanning molecule BTS possessing B cell proliferation-inhibitory function.

Abstract: Lymphocyte proliferation is regulated by signals through antigen receptors, co-stimulatory receptors, and other positive and negative modulators. Several membrane tetraspanning molecules are also involved in the regulation of lymphocyte growth and death. We cloned a new B cell-specific tetraspanning (BTS) membrane molecule, which is similar to CD20 in terms of expression, structure and function. BTS is specifically expressed in the B cell line and its expression is increased after the pre-B cell stage. BTS is expressed in intracellular granules and on the cell surface. Overexpression of BTS in immature B cell lines induces growth retardation through inhibition of cell cycle progression and cell size increase without inducing apoptosis. This inhibitory function is mediated predominantly by the N terminus of BTS. The development of mature B cells is inhibited in transgenic mice expressing BTS, suggesting that BTS is involved in the in vivo regulation of B cells. These results indicate that BTS plays a role in the regulation of cell division and B cell growth.

Underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region

Abstract: We propose to build a large water-Cherenkov-type muon-detector array (Tibet MD array) around the 37 000 m2 Tibet air shower array (Tibet AS array) already constructed at 4300 m above sea level in Tibet, China. Each muon detector is a waterproof concrete pool, 6 m wide × 6 m long × 1.5 m deep in size, equipped with a 20 inch-in-diameter PMT. The Tibet MD array consists of 240 muon detectors set up 2.5 m underground. Its total effective area will be 8640 m2 for muon detection. The Tibet MD array will significantly improve gamma-ray sensitivity of the Tibet AS array in the 100 TeV region (10–1000 TeV) by means of gamma/hadron separation based on counting the number of muons accompanying an air shower. The Tibet AS+MD array will have the sensitivity to gamma rays in the 100 TeV region by an order of magnitude better than any other previous existing detectors in the world.

Litter sand for pet

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide litter sand for a pet, consisting of an active bentonite excellent in swelling/solidifying properties, also having a hollow cylindrical shape, having a good appearance characteristic and excellent in light weight property. SOLUTION: The litter sand for the pet, consisting of a active bentonite-formed material is characterized in that the active bentonite has a composition; Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 =0.08-0.13, and Na 2 O/SiO 2 =0.0025-0.08 expressed by molar ratio based on oxide, and a paste prepared by drying the bentonite for 3 hr at 150°C and then being mixed with 1.0 ml water per 1 g shows a peak at 2θ=4-5° in an X-ray diffraction measurement (Cu-κα), and also the formed material has the hollow cylindrical shape. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Enterovirus detection status from patients with herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Abstract: The number of weekly reported patients of herpangina in the Kanagawa Prefecture area (excluding Yokohama city and Kawasaki city) in 2006 exceeded 1.0 case per sentinel clinic at week 22 (May 29 June 4), and this appearance began approximately 2 weeks earlier than the past 5 years. A major prevalence like the one in 2001 was predicted, but this year it peaked at 7.07 cases per sentinel at week 25 (June 19 25), fell below 1.0 case per sentinel at week 31 (July 31 August 6), and at present, is moving towards termination (Fig. 1). Meanwhile, the number of weekly reported patients of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remained at about 1.0 case per sentinel at week 27 (July 3 -9) with no major prevalence predicted (Fig. 2). However, there was a regional prevalence in the western area (at Odawara and Ashigara-kami Public Health Centers) at week 23 (June 5 11); in particular, it reached 8.0 cases per sentinel at week 30 (July 24-30) in the Odawara district, and the prevalence can still be seen there. For patients with either herpangina or HFMD, throat swab specimens were brought in from 5 pediatric clinics in the Kanagawa Prefecture area (excluding Yokohama city, Kawasaki city, Yokosuka city, Sagamihara city, and Fujisawa city), and viral isolation was conducted using 6 types of cell lines, RD-18S, HeLa, Vero, HEp-2, LLC-MK2, VeroE6, and suckling mice. The cell isolate was identified by the neutralization test using antisera distributed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) and commercial antiserum. The suckling mice isolate was identified by the CF test using NIID’s antisera and in-house ascitic fluid. For the isolates that were difficult to identify, gene analyses of the enterovirus VP1 and VP4 regions were conducted using the RT-PCR method and analyzed by homology search using NCBI’s BLAST analysis. During the period from January to August, 2006, 37 throat swab from herpangina patients were brought in and 20 strains of coxsackievirus A4 (CA4), 1 strain of human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and 2 strains of adenovirus (Ad) type 3 were isolated (Table 1). From these results, the major virus for herpangina prevalence this summer was thought to be CA4. Furthermore, from 39 throat swabs of HFMD patients, 6 strains of CA16, 3 strains of CA4, and 1 strain of HSV-1 have been isolated (Table 2). Of the 6 CA16 isolations, 4 were from the Odawara district; hence, the prevalent strain in the western area was presumed to be CA16. Enterovirus Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 60, 2007

Recent Progress of GaAsP HPD development for the MAGIC telescope project

Abstract: Summary The advantage of the HPD R9792U-40 fromHamamatsu comparedto conventionalPMTs is notonly a higher quantum efficiency but also a 300times lower afterpulsing probability. Extremelylow afterpulsing probability leads to a long life-time, estimated to be more than 10 years understandard conditionsof IACTs. Temperaturedepen-dence of the avalanche gain can be reduced at thesame level of a PMT by using a simple compensa-tion circuit based on a thermistor. The field test ofHPDs are scheduled using the second telescope. Acknowledgements The MAGIC project is supported by the MPG(Max-Planck-Societyin Germany), and the BMBF(Federal Ministry of Education and Research inGermany), the INFN (Italy), the CICYT (Spain)and the IAC (Instituto de Astrophysica de Ca-narias). References [1] C. Baixeras et al. Commissioning and firsttests of the MAGIC telescope. Nucl. Instr. &Meth. A, 518:188–192, 2004.[2] M. Hayashida, R. Mirzoyan, and M. Teshima.Development of HPDs with an 18-mm-diameter GaAsP photo cathode for theMAGIC-II. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A, 567:180–183, 2006.[3] E. Lorenz, H.-J. Gebauer, D Kranich,M Merck, and R Mirzoyan. Progress in thedevelopment of a high QE, red extended hy-brid photomultiplier for the second phase ofthe MAGIC telescope. Nucl. Instr. & Meth.A, 504:280–285, 2003.[4] R. Mirzoyan, B. Ferenc, and E Lorenz. Anevaluation of the new compact hybrid phot-diodes R7110U-07/40 from Hamamatsu inhigh-speed light detection mode. Nucl. Instr.& Meth. A, 442:140–145, 2000.

Future plan for observation of cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region with the Tibet air shower array : simulation and sensitivity

Abstract: The Tibet air shower array, which has an effective area of 37,000 square meters and is located at 4300 m in altitude, has been observing air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies above a few TeV. We have a plan to add a large muon detector array to it for the purpose of increasing its sensitivity to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region by discriminating them from cosmic-ray hadrons. We have deduced the attainable sensitivity of the muon detector array using our Monte Carlo simulation. We report here on the detailed procedure of our Monte Carlo simulation.

New estimation of the spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays as determined by the Compton-Getting anisotropy

Abstract: The amplitude of the Compton-Getting (CG) anisotropy contains the power-law index of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. Based on this relation and using the Tibet air-shower array data, we measure the cosmic-ray spectral index to be $-3.03 \pm 0.55_{stat} \pm < 0.62_{syst}$ between 6 TeV and 40 TeV, consistent with $-$2.7 from direct energy spectrum measurements. Potentially, this CG anisotropy analysis can be utilized to confirm the astrophysical origin of the ``knee'' against models for non-standard hadronic interactions in the atmosphere.

T cell differentiation controller

Abstract: It is intended to provide a drug of a novel type which controls the differentiation and canceration of T cells based on the signal transduction molecular mechanism of pre-TCR. It is also intended to provide a system by which an interaction in extracellular regions among various cell surface proteins can be conveniently detected.

Future plan for observation of cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region with the Tibet air shower array : physics goal and overview

Abstract: The Tibet air shower array, which has an effective area of 37,000 square meters and is located at 4300 m in altitude, has been observing air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies above a few TeV. We are planning to add a large muon detector array to it for the purpose of increasing its sensitivity to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV (10 - 1000 TeV) energy region by discriminating them from cosmic-ray hadrons. We report on the possibility of detection of gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region in our field of view, based on the improved sensitivity of our air shower array deduced from the full Monte Carlo simulation.

The MAGIC Project: Contributions to ICRC 2007

Abstract: The MAGIC Project: Contributions to ICRC 2007, Merida, Mexico. Contents pages for the Contribution on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration to the 30th ICRC that took place in July 2007 in Merida, Mexico. The contents are in html form with clickable links to the papers that exist on the Astrophysics archive. We hope that this will make it easier to access the output of the conference in a systematic way. Comments on how useful this is/ how it could be improved should be sent to michela.demaria@iuav.it.

Optical Coherence Straingraphy Using Low Coherence Intereferometer (2nd Report, Speckle Noise Reduction Using Adjacent Cross-correlation Multiplication)

Abstract: Acute coronary syndromes are caused by the rupture of unstable plaques on coronary arteries. The stability of plaque, which depends on biomechanical properties of fibrous cap, should be diagnosed crucially. Recently, Optical Coherence Straingraphy (OCS), e.g. an estimator of micro bio-strain distribution, has been being improved on the basis of Optical Coherence Tomography. This is composed of the recursive cross-correlation technique, which can provide the displacement vector distribution with high resolution. However, biomechanical characteristics have never estimated exhaustively, because OCT images severely include the speckle noise occurred by back-scattering light from tissue. In the present study, proposed is Adjacent Cross-correlation Multiplication (ACM) as speckle noise reduction method. Multiplying adjacent correlation maps can eliminate anomalies from speckle noise, and then enhance S/N in the determination of maximum correlation coefficient. Error propagation can be further prevented by recursively introducing to OCS algorithm. In this report, the proposed method was experimentally and numerically applied to compressed tissue samples to carry out the accuracy verifications. Consequently, it was quantitatively confirmed that its accuracy of displacement vectors could be enhanced by introducing ACM to OCS, thus, the proposed method can obtain the accurate strain map with high resolution.