James Cook University

About: James Cook University is a education organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Coral reef. The organization has 9101 authors who have published 27750 publications receiving 1032608 citations. The organization is also known as: JCU.

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders

Abstract: Objectives:This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clini...

Rebuilding marine life

Abstract: Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development". Achieving this goal will require rebuilding the marine life-support systems that deliver the many benefits that society receives from a healthy ocean. Here we document the recovery of marine populations, habitats and ecosystems following past conservation interventions. Recovery rates across studies suggest that substantial recovery of the abundance, structure and function of marine life could be achieved by 2050, if major pressures-including climate change-are mitigated. Rebuilding marine life represents a doable Grand Challenge for humanity, an ethical obligation and a smart economic objective to achieve a sustainable future.

Hemicellulases: Their Occurrence, Purification, Properties, and Mode of Action

Abstract: Publisher Summary The terms “hemicellulases” or “hemicellulose-degrading enzymes” refer to those enzymes that specifically degrade only hemicelluloses, and do not include the glycosidases—which—in addition to their activity on glycosides of low molecular weight, are also frequently capable of hydrolyzing the short-chain or monosaccharide appendages from the backbone chain of hemicelluloses. Typical hemicellulases are the L-arabinanases, D-galactanases, D-mannanases, and D-xylanases. This chapter reviews the literature on hemicellulases from 1950 to 1973, and discusses those enzyme preparations that have employed in protein purification procedures, been shown to be homogeneous. Fungal, extracellular L-arabinanases have been shown to be inductive and constitutive. Several saprophytic fungi were found by Fuchs and coworkers to produce L-arabinanase inductively but not constitutively, whereas several phytopathogenic fungi were found capable of producing L-arabinanases by induction when grown on Larabinan, and constitutively when these organisms were grown on Dglucose as the sole carbon source.

Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic salamanders

Abstract: Emerging infectious diseases are reducing biodiversity on a global scale. Recently, the emergence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans resulted in rapid declines in populations of European fire salamanders. Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined experimental assessment of pathogenicity with phylogenetic methods to estimate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity. Results show that B. salamandrivorans is restricted to, but highly pathogenic for, salamanders and newts (Urodela). The pathogen likely originated and remained in coexistence with a clade of salamander hosts for millions of years in Asia. As a result of globalization and lack of biosecurity, it has recently been introduced into naive European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing biodiversity loss.

Hopping hotspots: global shifts in marine biodiversity.

Abstract: Hotspots of high species diversity are a prominent feature of modern global biodiversity patterns. Fossil and molecular evidence is starting to reveal the history of these hotspots. There have been at least three marine biodiversity hotspots during the past 50 million years. They have moved across almost half the globe, with their timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events. The birth and death of successive hotspots highlights the link between environmental change and biodiversity patterns. The antiquity of the taxa in the modern Indo-Australian Archipelago hotspot emphasizes the role of pre-Pleistocene events in shaping modern diversity patterns.