Institution
James Cook University
Education•Townsville, Queensland, Australia•
About: James Cook University is a education organization based out in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Coral reef. The organization has 9101 authors who have published 27750 publications receiving 1032608 citations. The organization is also known as: JCU.
Topics: Population, Coral reef, Reef, Coral, Coral reef fish
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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National Institute of Amazonian Research1, University of Leeds2, Max Planck Society3, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research4, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology6, Smithsonian Institution7, New York University8, Indian Institute of Astrophysics9, National University of Colombia10, Conservation International11, University of Oxford12, Duke University13, University of Brasília14, Universidade Federal do Acre15, James Cook University16
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the role of soil fertility in forest structure and dynamics in the Amazon Basin in an east-west gradient coincident with variations in soil fertility and geology and found that soil fertility may play an important role in explaining Basinwide variations in forest biomass, growth and stem turnover rates.
Abstract: . Forest structure and dynamics vary across the Amazon Basin in an east-west gradient coincident with variations in soil fertility and geology. This has resulted in the hypothesis that soil fertility may play an important role in explaining Basin-wide variations in forest biomass, growth and stem turnover rates. Soil samples were collected in a total of 59 different forest plots across the Amazon Basin and analysed for exchangeable cations, carbon, nitrogen and pH, with several phosphorus fractions of likely different plant availability also quantified. Physical properties were additionally examined and an index of soil physical quality developed. Bivariate relationships of soil and climatic properties with above-ground wood productivity, stand-level tree turnover rates, above-ground wood biomass and wood density were first examined with multivariate regression models then applied. Both forms of analysis were undertaken with and without considerations regarding the underlying spatial structure of the dataset. Despite the presence of autocorrelated spatial structures complicating many analyses, forest structure and dynamics were found to be strongly and quantitatively related to edaphic as well as climatic conditions. Basin-wide differences in stand-level turnover rates are mostly influenced by soil physical properties with variations in rates of coarse wood production mostly related to soil phosphorus status. Total soil P was a better predictor of wood production rates than any of the fractionated organic- or inorganic-P pools. This suggests that it is not only the immediately available P forms, but probably the entire soil phosphorus pool that is interacting with forest growth on longer timescales. A role for soil potassium in modulating Amazon forest dynamics through its effects on stand-level wood density was also detected. Taking this into account, otherwise enigmatic variations in stand-level biomass across the Basin were then accounted for through the interacting effects of soil physical and chemical properties with climate. A hypothesis of self-maintaining forest dynamic feedback mechanisms initiated by edaphic conditions is proposed. It is further suggested that this is a major factor determining endogenous disturbance levels, species composition, and forest productivity across the Amazon Basin.
505 citations
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Cornell University1, James Cook University2, University of Washington3, University of Hawaii at Manoa4, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration5, Fauna & Flora International6, Environmental Defense Fund7, Prince of Songkla University8, Carleton University9, Hasanuddin University10, The Nature Conservancy11
TL;DR: Plastic waste entanglement exacerbates the risk of coral disease outbreaks and consequent damage to reefs, as well as the loss of fisheries and coastal protection, and microhabitats for reef-associated organisms and valuable fisheries will be disproportionately affected.
Abstract: Plastic waste can promote microbial colonization by pathogens implicated in outbreaks of disease in the ocean. We assessed the influence of plastic waste on disease risk in 124,000 reef-building corals from 159 reefs in the Asia-Pacific region. The likelihood of disease increases from 4% to 89% when corals are in contact with plastic. Structurally complex corals are eight times more likely to be affected by plastic, suggesting that microhabitats for reef-associated organisms and valuable fisheries will be disproportionately affected. Plastic levels on coral reefs correspond to estimates of terrestrial mismanaged plastic waste entering the ocean. We estimate that 11.1 billion plastic items are entangled on coral reefs across the Asia-Pacific and project this number to increase 40% by 2025. Plastic waste management is critical for reducing diseases that threaten ecosystem health and human livelihoods.
504 citations
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Monash University, Clayton campus1, Central Queensland University2, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich3, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro4, Discovery Institute5, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute6, University of Sydney7, James Cook University8, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation9
TL;DR: Medicinal foods or metabolites might represent an effective and natural approach for countering the numerous immunological defects that contribute to T cell–dependent autoimmune diseases.
Abstract: Gut dysbiosis might underlie the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In mice of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) strain, we found that key features of disease correlated inversely with blood and fecal concentrations of the microbial metabolites acetate and butyrate. We therefore fed NOD mice specialized diets designed to release large amounts of acetate or butyrate after bacterial fermentation in the colon. Each diet provided a high degree of protection from diabetes, even when administered after breakdown of immunotolerance. Feeding mice a combined acetate- and butyrate-yielding diet provided complete protection, which suggested that acetate and butyrate might operate through distinct mechanisms. Acetate markedly decreased the frequency of autoreactive T cells in lymphoid tissues, through effects on B cells and their ability to expand populations of autoreactive T cells. A diet containing butyrate boosted the number and function of regulatory T cells, whereas acetate- and butyrate-yielding diets enhanced gut integrity and decreased serum concentration of diabetogenic cytokines such as IL-21. Medicinal foods or metabolites might represent an effective and natural approach for countering the numerous immunological defects that contribute to T cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
500 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the biochar and biochar-compost-based soil management approaches can improve SOC, soil nutrient status and SWC, and maize yield and may help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in certain systems.
500 citations
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TL;DR: This work investigated three lekking birds at Nourages field station, French Guiana and found that Conspicuousness is a function of ambient light spectra during displays and the reflectance spectra of color pattern elements of the birds and their visual backgrounds.
Abstract: Forests exhibit a mosaic of different spectral environments that arise from forest geometry and weather If visual signals are used in mate choice, then forest geometry and weather will affect reproductive behavior because the appearance of a visual signal depends on the joint effects of ambient light and the animal's reflectance spectra We investigated three lekking birds at Nourages field station, French Guiana: Rupicola rupicola, Corapipo gutturalis, and Lepidothrix serena Conspicuousness is a function of ambient light spectra during displays and the reflectance spectra of color pattern elements of the birds and their visual backgrounds Each species places its lek and performs its lek displays in only one or two of the available light environments, and some may specialize in the more extreme spectra even within each light environment The color patterns and behavior of each species maximize its visual contrast during its display and reduce it off the lek or on the lek but not displaying Each specie
495 citations
Authors
Showing all 9184 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Hui-Ming Cheng | 147 | 880 | 111921 |
Joseph T. Hupp | 141 | 731 | 82647 |
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |
Bryan R. Cullen | 121 | 371 | 50901 |
Thomas J. Meyer | 120 | 1078 | 68519 |
William F. Laurance | 118 | 470 | 56464 |
Staffan Kjelleberg | 114 | 425 | 44414 |
Mike Clarke | 113 | 1037 | 164328 |
Gao Qing Lu | 108 | 546 | 53914 |
David J. Williams | 107 | 2060 | 62440 |
Tim J Peters | 106 | 1037 | 47394 |
Michael E. Goddard | 106 | 424 | 67681 |
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg | 106 | 425 | 63750 |
John C. Avise | 105 | 413 | 53088 |