Tilburg University

About: Tilburg University is a education organization based out in Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5550 authors who have published 22330 publications receiving 791335 citations.

Cortical Measures of Anticipation

Abstract: Anticipation increases the efficiency of cognitive processes by partial advance activation of the neural substrate involved in those processes In the case of perceptual anticipation, a slow cortical potential named Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) has been identified The SPN has been observed preceding four types of stimuli: (1) stimuli providing knowledge-of-results (KR) about past performance, (2) stimuli conveying an instruction about a future task, (3) probe stimuli against which the outcome of a previous task has to be matched, and (4) affective stimuli The morphology and scalp distribution of the SPN is different in each of these cases, suggesting the presence of separable components This article reviews more than 15 years of SPN research Possible neurophysiological generators are considered, as well as models that may describe the generation of the SPN Suggestions for future research into anticipatory processes and the associated psychophysiological measures are made

Visual Recalibration of Auditory Speech Identification A McGurk Aftereffect

Abstract: The kinds of aftereffects, indicative of cross-modal recalibration, that are observed after exposure to spatially incongruent inputs from different sensory modalities have not been demonstrated so far for identity incongruence. We show that exposure to incongruent audiovisual speech (producing the well-known McGurk effect) can recalibrate auditory speech identification. In Experiment 1, exposure to an ambiguous sound intermediate between /aba/ and /ada/ dubbed onto a video of a face articulating either /aba/ or /ada/ increased the proportion of /aba/ or /ada/ responses, respectively, during subsequent sound identification trials. Experiment 2 demonstrated the same recalibration effect or the opposite one, fewer /aba/ or /ada/ responses, revealing selective speech adaptation, depending on whether the ambiguous sound or a congruent nonambiguous one was used during exposure. In separate forced-choice identification trials, bimodal stimulus pairs producing these contrasting effects were identically categorized, which makes a role of postperceptual factors in the generation of the effects unlikely.