Tilburg University

About: Tilburg University is a education organization based out in Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5550 authors who have published 22330 publications receiving 791335 citations.

Punishment, counterpunishment and sanction enforcement in a social dilemma experiment

Abstract: We present the results of an experiment that explores the sanctioning behavior of individuals who experience a social dilemma. In the game we study, players choose contribution levels to a public good and subsequently have multiple opportunities to reduce the earnings of the other members of the group. The treatments vary in terms of individuals’ opportunities to (a) avenge sanctions that have been directed toward themselves, and (b) punish others’ sanctioning behavior with respect to third parties. We find that individuals do avenge sanctions they have received, and this serves to decrease contribution levels. They also punish those who fail to sanction third parties, but the resulting increase in contributions is smaller than the decrease the avenging of sanctions induces. When there are five rounds of unrestricted sanctioning, contributions and welfare are significantly lower than when only one round of sanctioning opportunities exists, and welfare is lower than at a benchmark of zero cooperation.

A General Propensity to Psychological Distress Affects Cardiovascular Outcomes Evidence From Research on the Type D (Distressed) Personality Profile

Abstract: Evidence Specific negative emotions have been related to adverse cardiac events, but a general propensity to psychological distress may also affect cardiovascular outcomes. In this summary article, we provide a reliable estimate of the prognostic risk associated with Type D (distressed) personality, a general propensity to distress that is defined by high scores on the “negative affectivity” and “social inhibition” traits. Quantitative analyses of prospective studies that included a total of 6121 patients with a cardiovascular condition indicated that Type D personality was associated with a more than 3-fold increased risk of adverse events (9 studies) and long-term psychological distress (11 studies). In addition, a narrative review of 29 studies showed that Type D personality and depression are distinct manifestations of psychological distress, with different and independent cardiovascular effects. There are also plausible biological and behavioral pathways that may explain this adverse effect of Type D personality. The findings reported in this summary article support the simultaneous use of specific and general measures of distress in cardiovascular research and practice. Depression, anxiety, anger, and posttraumatic stress are specific markers of distress that have been related to cardiac disorder,1,–,5 whereas broader markers of psychological distress have received substantially less attention in cardiovascular research.6 However, the general distress shared across these specific markers may predict the development of coronary heart disease1 and may also partly account for the association of depression and anxiety with myocardial infarction,3 poor cardiac prognosis,4 and autonomic cardiac dysregulation.7 Hence, the conceptual idea of psychological distress as a cardiovascular risk marker may be broadened to include a general propensity to distress. Many studies report on depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular outcomes.2,–,4 Although patients may go in and out of depressive and anxious episodes, there …

Factors Associated with Work Participation and Work Functioning in Depressed Workers: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Background Depression is associated with negative work outcomes such as reduced work participation (WP) (e.g., sick leave duration, work status) and work functioning (WF) (e.g., loss of productivity, work limitations). For the development of evidence-based interventions to improve these work outcomes, factors predicting WP and WF have to be identified. Methods This paper presents a systematic literature review of studies identifying factors associated with WP and WF of currently depressed workers. Results A total of 30 studies were found that addressed factors associated with WP (N = 19) or WF (N = 11). For both outcomes, studies reported most often on the relationship with disorder-related factors, whereas personal factors and work-related factors were less frequently addressed. For WP, the following relationships were supported: strong evidence was found for the association between a long duration of the depressive episode and work disability. Moderate evidence was found for the associations between more severe types of depressive disorder, presence of co-morbid mental or physical disorders, older age, a history of previous sick leave, and work disability. For WF, severe depressive symptoms were associated with work limitations, and clinical improvement was related to work productivity (moderate evidence). Due to the cross-sectional nature of about half of the studies, only few true prospective associations could be identified. Conclusion Our study identifies gaps in knowledge regarding factors predictive of WP and WF in depressed workers and can be used for the design of future research and evidence-based interventions. We recommend undertaking more longitudinal studies to identify modifiable factors predictive of WP and WF, especially work-related and personal factors.

Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour: Exploring the Relevance of Gender Differences

Abstract: The importance of innovation within organizations has been demonstrated on numerous occasions, which has subsequently led to the identification of effective leadership as a potential catalyst. Accordingly, empirical findings have repeatedly demonstrated a positive relationship between transformational leadership and work unit effectiveness measures. This study explores the relationship between transformational leadership and employee innovative work behaviour, additionally examining the moderating effect of gender of the manager and gender of the employee. Data were gathered within four Australian hospitals, generating a dataset of 335 respondents. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. Furthermore, gender of the manager moderated the latter relationship, indicating that employees report more innovative behaviour when the transformational leadership is displayed by male in comparison with female managers, confirming our gender bias hypothesis. No significant effect was found for the threeway interaction of transformational leadership, gender of the manager, and gender of the employee. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

the impact of a product-harm crisis on marketing effectiveness

Abstract: Product-harm crises are among a firm's worst nightmares. A firm may experience (i) a loss in baseline sales, (ii) a reduced own effectiveness for its marketing instruments, (iii) an increased cross sensitivity to rival firms' marketing-mix activities, and (iv) a decreased cross impact of its marketing-mix instruments on the sales of competing, unaffected brands. We find that this quadruple jeopardy materialized in a case study of an Australian product-harm crisis faced by Kraft peanut butter. We arrive at this conclusion by using a time-varying error-correction model that quantifies the consequences of this crisis on base sales, and on own-and cross-brand short-and long-term effectiveness. The proposed modeling approach allows managers to make more informed decisions on how to regain the brands' pre-crisis performance levels.