Showing papers by "Tilburg University published in 2021"
University of Bern1, Harvard University2, VU University Amsterdam3, University of Oxford4, Public Health Research Institute5, University of Wuppertal6, Kyoto University7, University of Amsterdam8, University of New South Wales9, University of Melbourne10, City University London11, University of Gothenburg12, Free University of Berlin13, University of Texas at Austin14, James I University15, Carlos III Health Institute16, Ohio State University17, Northwestern University18, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg19, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust20, University of Bristol21, Trinity College, Dublin22, University of York23, Karolinska Institutet24, Peking Union Medical College25, Linköping University26, University of Regina27, University of Sydney28, McLean Hospital29, University of Lübeck30, University of Zaragoza31, Imperial College London32, University of Nottingham33, University of Hamburg34, Oregon Research Institute35, Australian National University36, Hofstra University37, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center38, Stockholm University39, Hull York Medical School40, Tilburg University41, Linnaeus University42
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD-network meta-regression, and found that both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term.
Abstract: Importance Personalized treatment choices would increase the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression to the extent that patients differ in interventions that better suit them. Objective To provide personalized estimates of short-term and long-term relative efficacy of guided and unguided iCBT for depression using patient-level information. Data Sources We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to January 1, 2019. Study Selection Eligible RCTs were those comparing guided or unguided iCBT against each other or against any control intervention in individuals with depression. Available individual patient data (IPD) was collected from all eligible studies. Depression symptom severity was assessed after treatment, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization. Data Extraction and Synthesis We conducted a systematic review and IPD network meta-analysis and estimated relative treatment effect sizes across different patient characteristics through IPD network meta-regression. Main Outcomes and Measures Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) scores. Results Of 42 eligible RCTs, 39 studies comprising 9751 participants with depression contributed IPD to the IPD network meta-analysis, of which 8107 IPD were synthesized. Overall, both guided and unguided iCBT were associated with more effectiveness as measured by PHQ-9 scores than control treatments over the short term and the long term. Guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT (mean difference [MD] in posttreatment PHQ-9 scores, −0.8; 95% CI, −1.4 to −0.2), but we found no evidence of a difference at 6 or 12 months following randomization. Baseline depression was found to be the most important modifier of the relative association for efficacy of guided vs unguided iCBT. Differences between unguided and guided iCBT in people with baseline symptoms of subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 scores 5-9) were small, while guided iCBT was associated with overall better outcomes in patients with baseline PHQ-9 greater than 9. Conclusions and Relevance In this network meta-analysis with IPD, guided iCBT was associated with more effectiveness than unguided iCBT for individuals with depression, benefits were more substantial in individuals with moderate to severe depression. Unguided iCBT was associated with similar effectiveness among individuals with symptoms of mild/subthreshold depression. Personalized treatment selection is entirely possible and necessary to ensure the best allocation of treatment resources for depression.
271 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated people's experiences of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the main factors of advantages and disadvantages of WFH in knowledge work.
Abstract: The number of people working from home (WFH) increased radically during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate people's experiences of WFH during the pandemic and to identify the main factors of advantages and disadvantages of WFH. Data from 29 European countries on the experiences of knowledge workers (N = 5748) WFH during the early stages of lockdown (11 March to 8 May 2020) were collected. A factor analysis showed the overall distribution of people's experiences and how the advantages and disadvantages of WFH during the early weeks of the pandemic can be grouped into six key factors. The results indicated that most people had a more positive rather than negative experience of WFH during lockdown. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. Comparing gender, number of children at home, age and managers versus employees in relation to these factors provided insights into the differential impact of WFH on people's lives. The factors help organisations understand where action is most needed to safeguard both performance and well-being. As the data were collected amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, we recommend further studies to validate the six factors and investigate their importance for well-being and performance in knowledge work.
158 citations
Duke University1, Kyoto University2, University of Tsukuba3, Liverpool John Moores University4, University of Oslo5, University of California, Los Angeles6, Ibn Tofail University7, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology8, Maastricht University9, University of Wisconsin-Madison10, University of Strasbourg11, Philips12, University of Lausanne13, Vanderbilt University14, Baylor College of Medicine15, RMIT University16, Tufts University17, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences18, Humboldt University of Berlin19, University of California, Irvine20, University of the West Indies21, University of Glasgow22, University of California, Santa Barbara23, University of Aberdeen24, Chinese Academy of Sciences25, Pennington Biomedical Research Center26, Northwestern University27, University of Cape Town28, Imperial College London29, University of Agder30, Burton Snowboards31, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center32, Moi University33, Helsinki University Central Hospital34, University of Brighton35, University of Edinburgh36, Washington University in St. Louis37, University of Southern California38, Tilburg University39, University of Copenhagen40, Stanford University41, Baylor University42, UCL Institute of Child Health43, Max Planck Society44, International Atomic Energy Agency45, Loyola University Chicago46, Maastricht University Medical Centre47
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years and found that fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults.
Abstract: Total daily energy expenditure ("total expenditure") reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, but its trajectory over the life course is poorly studied. We analyzed a large, diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 years. Total expenditure increased with fat-free mass in a power-law manner, with four distinct life stages. Fat-free mass-adjusted expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates to ~50% above adult values at ~1 year; declines slowly to adult levels by ~20 years; remains stable in adulthood (20 to 60 years), even during pregnancy; then declines in older adults. These changes shed light on human development and aging and should help shape nutrition and health strategies across the life span.
146 citations
Erasmus University Rotterdam1, Leiden University2, Leiden University Medical Center3, Centre for Health Protection4, University of Amsterdam5, Radboud University Nijmegen6, Public Health Research Institute7, University Medical Center Groningen8, Broad Institute9, Harvard University10, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich11, VU University Amsterdam12, Stony Brook University13, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center14, Utrecht University15, University of Exeter16, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences17, Tilburg University18, Arizona State University19, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience20, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences21, University of Bern22
TL;DR: A meta-analysis including over 1.1 million people was conducted to produce age- and sex-specific population reference charts for sleep duration and efficiency which can help guide personalized advice on sleep length and preventive practices.
Abstract: We aimed to obtain reliable reference charts for sleep duration, estimate the prevalence of sleep complaints across the lifespan and identify risk indicators of poor sleep. Studies were identified through systematic literature search in Embase, Medline and Web of Science (9 August 2019) and through personal contacts. Eligible studies had to be published between 2000 and 2017 with data on sleep assessed with questionnaires including ≥100 participants from the general population. We assembled individual participant data from 200,358 people (aged 1-100 years, 55% female) from 36 studies from the Netherlands, 471,759 people (40-69 years, 55.5% female) from the United Kingdom and 409,617 people (≥18 years, 55.8% female) from the United States. One in four people slept less than age-specific recommendations, but only 5.8% slept outside of the 'acceptable' sleep duration. Among teenagers, 51.5% reported total sleep times (TST) of less than the recommended 8-10 h and 18% report daytime sleepiness. In adults (≥18 years), poor sleep quality (13.3%) and insomnia symptoms (9.6-19.4%) were more prevalent than short sleep duration (6.5% with TST < 6 h). Insomnia symptoms were most frequent in people spending ≥9 h in bed, whereas poor sleep quality was more frequent in those spending <6 h in bed. TST was similar across countries, but insomnia symptoms were 1.5-2.9 times higher in the United States. Women (≥41 years) reported sleeping shorter times or slightly less efficiently than men, whereas with actigraphy they were estimated to sleep longer and more efficiently than man. This study provides age- and sex-specific population reference charts for sleep duration and efficiency which can help guide personalized advice on sleep length and preventive practices.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present robust evidence that once industry affiliation, market-based measures of risk and accounting based measures of performance, financial position and intangibles investments have been controlled for, ESG offers no such positive explanatory power for returns during the COVID crisis, and that ESG is insignificant in fully specified returns regressions for each of the Q1 2020 COVID market crisis period and for the full COVID year of 2020.
Abstract: Environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) scores have been widely touted as indicators of share price resilience during the COVID-19 crisis Contrary to this conventional wisdom, we present robust evidence that once industry affiliation, market-based measures of risk and accounting-based measures of performance, financial position and intangibles investments have been controlled for, ESG offers no such positive explanatory power for returns during the COVID crisis Specifically, ESG is insignificant in fully specified returns regressions for each of the Q1 2020 COVID market crisis period and for the full COVID year of 2020 By contrast, a measure of the firm's stock of investments in internally generated intangible assets is an economically and statistically significant positive determinant of returns during each of the Q1 market implosion and full 2020 COVID year periods Our results are robust to alternative measures of returns, as well as for using Refinitiv, Refinitiv II and MSCI data to capture ESG performance We conclude that ESG did not immunize stocks during the COVID-19 crisis, but those investments in intangible assets did © 2021 The Authors Journal of Business Finance & Accounting published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
119 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a theoretical model of digital wellbeing that accounts for the dynamic and complex nature of our relationship to mobile connectivity, thereby overcoming conceptual and methodological limitations associated with existing approaches, and consider digital wellbeing as an experiential state of optimal balance between connectivity and disconnectivity that is contingent upon a constellation of person-, device, and context-specific factors.
Abstract: Mobile media support our autonomy by connecting us to persons, content and services independently of time and place constraints. At the same time, they challenge our autonomy: We face new struggles, decisions, and pressure in relation to whether, when and where we connect and disconnect. Digital wellbeing is a new concept that refers to the (lack) of balance that we may experience in relation to mobile connectivity. This article develops a theoretical model of digital wellbeing that accounts for the dynamic and complex nature of our relationship to mobile connectivity, thereby overcoming conceptual and methodological limitations associated with existing approaches. This model considers digital wellbeing an experiential state of optimal balance between connectivity and disconnectivity that is contingent upon a constellation of person-, device- and context-specific factors. I argue that these constellations represent pathways to digital wellbeing that—when repeated—affect wellbeing outcomes, and that the effectiveness of digital wellbeing interventions depends on their disruptive impact on these pathways.
96 citations
Université catholique de Louvain1, University of Porto2, Ankara University3, Özyeğin University4, University of Jyväskylä5, University of Lausanne6, National University of Rwanda7, Saint Joseph's University8, Ghent University9, University of Paris10, University of Wrocław11, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières12, Fudan University13, University of São Paulo14, University College London15, University of Geneva16, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt17, Charité18, Hokkai Gakuen University19, Centre for Social Studies20, Harvard University21, Stanford University22, Tilburg University23, University of the Punjab24, Menoufia University25, University of Social Sciences and Humanities26, Chubu University27, University of Belgrade28, University of Lomé29, University of Nîmes30, Rio de Janeiro State University31, University of Sydney32, Universidad de San Martín de Porres33, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador34, University of Padua35, National University of Distance Education36, Alzahra University37, West University of Timișoara38, University of Yaoundé39, University of Ulm40, Dalarna University41, Universidad Santo Tomás42, Austral University of Chile43, Florida International University44, National University of Tucumán45, National Pedagogic University (Mexico)46, University of Toulouse47, University of the Basque Country48, Aix-Marseille University49, University of the Republic50, University College West51, University of Bucharest52, Saint Petersburg State University53, University of Costa Rica54, Bahçeşehir University55, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems56, Chiang Mai University57
TL;DR: It is shown that individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them.
Abstract: High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.
94 citations
University of Geneva1, Centre national de la recherche scientifique2, École Normale Supérieure3, University of Paris4, University of Reading5, Yale University6, University at Buffalo7, Vilnius University8, University of Lima9, Tilburg University10, Harvard University11, University of Bern12, Charles III University of Madrid13, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro14, University of the Basque Country15, Lawrence University16, Middlebury College17, Washington & Jefferson College18, University of Zurich19, University of Sheffield20, University of Puget Sound21, University of Pittsburgh22, Ghent University23, Queen's University Belfast24, University of Turin25, Paris-Sorbonne University26, Spanish National Research Council27
TL;DR: The X-Phi Replicability Project (XRP) as discussed by the authors was formed to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy (osf.io/dvkpr) studies published between 2003 and 2015 and recruited 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings.
Abstract: Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project (XRP) to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy (osf.io/dvkpr). Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward.
92 citations
Kyoto University1, University of Oxford2, Stockholm County Council3, Linköping University4, University of Texas at Austin5, University of Bern6, University of Leeds7, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg8, Stockholm University9, University of Sydney10, University of New South Wales11, Medical University of South Carolina12, VU University Amsterdam13, Technische Universität München14, Australian National University15, Hofstra University16, Ohio State University17, Linnaeus University18, University of York19, University of Regina20, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton21, University of Bergen22, University of Gothenburg23, University of Lübeck24, University of Hamburg25, University of Melbourne26, Northwestern University27, University of Zaragoza28, St. Vincent's Health System29, Imperial College London30, University of Nottingham31, University of Twente32, University College Dublin33, McLean Hospital34, Oregon Research Institute35, Tilburg University36, University of Amsterdam37, Leiden University38, Free University of Berlin39, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust40, Harvard University41
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review and individual participant data component network meta-analysis (cNMA) of Internet cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) trials for depression was conducted, which revealed potentially helpful, less helpful or harmful components and delivery formats for iCBT packages.
80 citations
Wake Forest University1, Arizona State University2, Utrecht University3, University of Nottingham4, Michigan State University5, University of Toronto6, University of Waterloo7, University of Minnesota8, University of Miami9, Ruhr University Bochum10, Colorado State University11, Western Washington University12, University of Connecticut13, Tilburg University14
TL;DR: It is proposed that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change-an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.
Abstract: Objective
Posttraumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change—an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.
Method
We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post‐traumatic growth.
Results
We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity.
Conclusion
We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability and causal processes underlying post‐traumatic growth.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and loneliness in the general population, focusing on prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, the extent to which individuals with existing symptoms recovered or not, the prevalence of subtypes of loneliness, and the extent of which loneliness before and during this pandemic was associated with anxiety.
Abstract: Objectives: Examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and loneliness in the general population. More specifically, the study focused on prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, the extent to which individuals with existing symptoms recovered or not, the prevalence of subtypes of loneliness, and the extent to which loneliness before and during this pandemic was associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Methods: Data was extracted from the longitudinal LISS panel, based on a probability sample of the Dutch population, with assessments on loneliness in October 2019 (T1) and June 2020 (T4), and anxiety and depression symptoms in November 2019 (T2), March 2020 (T3) and June 2020 (T4; Ntotal = 4,084). Loneliness was examined with the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and anxiety and depression symptoms with the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). Results: Repeated measures multivariate logistic regression analyses (RMMLRA) showed a statistical significant lower prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms after the outbreak (T4 = 15.3%) than before (T2 = 16.8%) and during the COVID-19 outbreak (T3 = 17.2%). According to the Reliable Change Index, the distribution of recovery categories (remission, improvement, unchanged and worsening symptoms) after the outbreak did not differ significantly from the distribution of these categories before the outbreak. RMMLRA revealed that the prevalence of emotional loneliness increased significantly after the outbreak (T1 = 18.4%, T4 = 24.8%). Among individuals who were not lonely before and after the outbreak the prevalence of symptoms decreased significantly (T2 = 7.0%, T4 = 4.4%) and, likewise, among those who were not lonely anymore after the outbreak (T2 = 21.5%, T4 = 14.5%). However, the prevalence of symptoms increased significantly among those who became lonely during the pandemic (T2 = 17.9%, T4 = 26.3%). Conclusions: Findings suggest that this pandemic did not negatively affect the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms nor the normal recovery of symptoms among the general population during the first four months, but that emotional loneliness increased.
Benedict C. Jones1, Lisa M. DeBruine2, Jessica Kay Flake3, Marco Tullio Liuzza4 +240 more•Institutions (137)
TL;DR: It is suggested that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when the authors use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution.
Abstract: Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov’s methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov’s original analysis strategy, the valence–dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution.
TL;DR: An overview of how (mostly intrinsic) human evaluation is currently conducted is provided and a set of best practices are presented, grounded in the literature, linked to the stages that researchers go through when conducting an evaluation research.
TL;DR: Limits and prospects are identified for the free-energy principle as a first principle in the life sciences and its epistemic status is clarified.
Abstract: The free-energy principle claims that biological systems behave adaptively maintaining their physical integrity only if they minimize the free energy of their sensory states. Originally proposed to account for perception, learning, and action, the free-energy principle has been applied to the evolution, development, morphology, and function of the brain, and has been called a “postulate,” a “mandatory principle,” and an “imperative.” While it might afford a theoretical foundation for understanding the complex relationship between physical environment, life, and mind, its epistemic status and scope are unclear. Also unclear is how the free-energy principle relates to prominent theoretical approaches to life science phenomena, such as organicism and mechanicism. This paper clarifies both issues, and identifies limits and prospects for the free-energy principle as a first principle in the life sciences.
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether positive personality traits such as optimism, mindfulness, and resilience may protect against negative mental health consequences (i.e., fear of the coronavirus, depression, stress, and anxiety) of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on mental health. Prior reports have shown that depression, anxiety, and stress have increased throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, not everyone is affected by these negative consequences and some people may be relatively unaffected. In this online study in a predominantly Dutch and Belgian sample (N = 546), we investigated whether positive personality traits such as optimism, mindfulness, and resilience may protect against the negative mental health consequences (i.e., fear of the coronavirus, depression, stress, and anxiety) of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that fear of COVID-19 was related to higher depression, stress, and anxiety. However, for participants scoring high on mindfulness, optimism, and resilience, this relationship was weakened. In addition to these findings, we present the results of network analyses to explore the network structure between these constructs. These results help to identify possible ways through which psychological well-being can be promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
TL;DR: This article investigated whether social attraction, self-disclosure, interaction quality, intimacy, empathy and communicative competence play a role in getting-acquainted interaction and found that social attraction plays a role.
Abstract: This explorative study investigated (a) whether social attraction, self-disclosure, interaction quality, intimacy, empathy and communicative competence play a role in getting-acquainted interaction...
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic analysis of HRM-outcome studies published between 2000 and 2017 is performed, which shows that over time studies have indeed increasingly made use of employees as respondents to measures of human resource (HR) practices.
Abstract: Although initially studies examining human resource management (HRM)–outcome relationships only used management‐based ratings of HR practices, arguments have been advanced in favour of using employee‐based ratings. To examine this, a systematic analysis of HRM–outcome studies published between 2000 and 2017 is performed, which shows that over time studies have indeed increasingly made use of employees as respondents to measures of human resource (HR) practices. An in‐depth analysis of these measures of perceived HR practices revealed that various problems and issues can be identified when critically reviewing these measures. It is observed that considerable idiosyncrasy exists in measures of perceived HR practices, coupled with a lack of transparency in how these measures are often reported in existing studies. Also, a mixture of evaluative and descriptive items creates concerns about jingle fallacies in extant research and in turn about the validity of HRM–outcome results. Recommendations are provided to further advance the measurement and conceptualisation of this core construct.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis.
Abstract: Objectives: To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis Methods: Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 367 SD 148, 77% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables Results: Increases in planning (47 SD 13, 49 SD 13), selecting (36 SD 17, 37 SD 17), and preparing (46 SD 12, 47 SD 13) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability and stay-at-home policies Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men Financial stress was a barrier and enabler depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 001) Conclusion: Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a system for monitoring how cumulative insights develop in human resources practices, which is a challenge in the field of SHRM, with the growing number of studies investigating employee perceptions of HR practices.
Abstract: With the growing number of studies investigating employee perceptions of HR practices, the field of SHRM is challenged with monitoring how cumulative insights develop. This paper presents a systema...
TL;DR: Age moderated the effect of lockdown for nearly every measure, with adults aged under 50 years the most likely to report adverse changes to their eating behaviours and diet.
Abstract: The first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand resulted in disruptions to everyday life, including changes in grocery shopping, cooking and eating. This study aimed to capture changes...
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive, objective, and integrative review of the leader/ship development (LD) field is presented, focusing on three bibliometric approaches: historical, document co-citation, and bibliographic coupling.
Abstract: The development of leaders and leadership is a formative research area and a considerable industry in practice. Existing reviews are often restricted in scope or by subjective inclusion of topics or documents which limits integrative implications for the leader/ship development (LD) field. We address theoretical and methodological limitations by mapping the LD field with a comprehensive, objective, and integrative review. To do so we employed three bibliometric approaches, historiography, document co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and included 2,390 primary and 78,178 secondary documents. We show patterns in the evolution of the LD field, followed by four central observations about the current state and trends in LD. To shift the science and practice of LD we develop tangible suggestions for future research within the three research directions: (1) Pursuing research within the current framing of LD, (2) Striving for frame-breaking LD research, and (3) How We Can Get There – Transforming LD Research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation, was tested to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.
TL;DR: How Dutch patients with cancer perceive cancer treatment and follow-up care (including experiences with telephone and video consultations [TC/VC]) and patients' well-being in comparison with a norm population during the COVID-19 crisis is evaluated.
Abstract: Importance As the resolution of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis is unforeseeable, and/or a second wave of infections may arrive in the fall of 2020, it is important to evaluate patients' perspectives to learn from this. Objective To assess how Dutch patients with cancer perceive cancer treatment and follow-up care (including experiences with telephone and video consultations [TC/VC]) and patients' well-being in comparison with a norm population during the COVID-19 crisis. Design, setting, and participants Cross-sectional study of patients participating in the Dutch Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial Treatment and Long-term Evaluation of Survivorship (PROFILES) registry and a norm population who completed a questionnaire from April to May 2020. Main outcomes and measures Logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with changes in cancer care (treatment or follow-up appointment postponed/canceled or changed to TC/VC). Differences in quality of life, anxiety/depression, and loneliness between patients and age-matched and sex-matched norm participants were evaluated with regression models. Results The online questionnaire was completed by 4094 patients (48.6% response), of whom most were male (2493 [60.9%]) and had a mean (SD) age of 63.0 (11.1) years. Of these respondents, 886 (21.7%) patients received treatment; 2725 (55.6%) received follow-up care. Treatment or follow-up appointments were canceled for 390 (10.8%) patients, whereas 160 of 886 (18.1%) in treatment and 234 of 2725 (8.6%) in follow-up had it replaced by a TC/VC. Systemic therapy, active surveillance, or surgery were associated with cancellation of treatment or follow-up appointment. Younger age, female sex, comorbidities, metastasized cancer, being worried about getting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and receiving supportive care were associated with replacement of a consultation with a TC/VC. Patients and norm participants reported that the COVID-19 crisis made them contact their general practitioner (852 of 4068 [20.9%] and 218 of 979 [22.3%]) or medical specialist/nurse (585 of 4068 [14.4%] and 144 of 979 [14.7%]) less quickly when they had physical complaints or concerns. Most patients who had a TC/VC preferred a face-to-face consultation, but 151 of 394 (38.3%) were willing to use a TC/VC again. Patients with cancer were more worried about getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with the 977 norm participants (917 of 4094 [22.4%] vs 175 of 977 [17.9%]). Quality of life, anxiety, and depression were comparable, but norm participants more often reported loneliness (114 of 977 [11.7%] vs 287 of 4094 [7.0%]) than patients with cancer (P = .009). Conclusions and relevance Among patients with cancer in the Netherlands, 1 in 3 reported changes in cancer care in the first weeks of the COVID-19 crisis. Long-term outcomes need to be monitored. The crisis may affect the mental well-being of the general population relatively more than that of patients with cancer.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on parent-adolescent relationships were examined, e.g., school closure and social restrictions, on parent and adolescent relationships.
Abstract: This Dutch multi-informant study examined effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown (LD; e.g., school closure and social restrictions) on parent-adolescent relationships. Four biweekly measurements before and 4 biweekly measurements during the LD were collected among adolescents (N = 179, Mage = 14.26 years, 69% girls) and their parents (N = 144, Mage = 47.01 years, 81% female). Parents' educational level was relatively diverse: 12% low (high school or lower), 33% medium (vocational training), and 55% high (college or university). Adolescents and parents reported on parental support, parent-adolescent conflict, autonomy support, psychological control, behavioral control, and time spent on various activities. Adolescents spent more time with their parents during LD (before M = 8.6 hr, during M = 12.7 hr), but less time with friends (before M = 8.1 hr, during M = 2.1 hr), and reported on average 13 COVID-19-related rules. Preregistered piecewise growth models confirmed that autonomy support decreased immediately during the LD, but no mean level changes were observed in the other relationship dimensions. During the first 2 months of the LD, parents reported gradual increases in autonomy support and decreases in behavioral control. Moreover, significant differences between families were found in sudden and more gradual relationship changes, which correlated strongly with pre-LD characteristics of the relationship, and in some models with adolescent oppositional defiance and legitimacy beliefs. In sum, findings suggest resilience in most families, but also heterogeneity: Some families were negatively affected, and others were positively affected. A tailored approach is therefore needed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on family functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
University College London1, Syracuse University2, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy3, University of Cambridge4, Yale University5, Tilburg University6, ParisTech7, University of Warwick8, Carnegie Mellon University9, London School of Economics and Political Science10, Compass Lexecon11
TL;DR: A systematic and interdisciplinary review of empirical literature assessing evidence on induced innovation in energy and related technologies is presented in this article, where the authors explore links between demand-drivers (both market-wide and targeted); indicators of innovation (principally, patents); and outcomes (cost reduction, efficiency, and multi-sector/macro consequences).
Abstract: We conduct a systematic and interdisciplinary review of empirical literature assessing evidence on induced innovation in energy and related technologies. We explore links between demand-drivers (both market-wide and targeted); indicators of innovation (principally, patents); and outcomes (cost reduction, efficiency, and multi-sector/macro consequences). We build on existing reviews in different fields and assess over 200 papers containing original data analysis. Papers linking drivers to patents, and indicators of cumulative capacity to cost reductions (experience curves), dominate the literature. The former does not directly link patents to outcomes; the latter does not directly test for the causal impact of on cost reductions. Diverse other literatures provide additional evidence concerning the links between deployment, innovation activities, and outcomes. We derive three main conclusions. (a) Demand-pull forces enhance patenting; econometric studies find positive impacts in industry, electricity and transport sectors in all but a few specific cases. This applies to all drivers-general energy prices, carbon prices, and targeted interventions that build markets. (b) Technology costs decline with cumulative investment for almost every technology studied across all time periods, when controlled for other factors. Numerous lines of evidence point to dominant causality from at-scale deployment (prior to self-sustaining diffusion) to cost reduction in this relationship. (c) Overall innovation is cumulative, multi-faceted, and self-reinforcing in its direction (path-dependent). We conclude with brief observations on implications for modelling and policy. In interpreting these results, we suggest distinguishing the economics of active deployment, from more passive diffusion processes, and draw the following implications. There is a role for policy diversity and experimentation, with evaluation of potential gains from innovation in the broadest sense. Consequently, endogenising innovation in large-scale models is important for deriving policy-relevant conclusions. Finally, seeking to relate quantitative economic evaluation to the qualitative socio-technical transitions literatures could be a fruitful area for future research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of common method variance on correlations between observed variables as a function of measure unreliability and the sign and size of the true trait correlation were examined, and it was shown that the inflationary effect of CMV is larger at lower levels of (positive) trait correlations, whereas the deflationary effect was larger at higher levels of trait correlations.
Abstract: There are enduring misconceptions in the marketing and management literature about the potential biasing effects of Common Method Variance (CMV). One belief is that the biasing effect of CMV is of greater theoretical than practical importance; another belief is that if CMV is a potential problem, it can be easily identified with the Harman one-factor test. In this article, we show that both beliefs are ill founded and need correction. To demonstrate our key points with greater generality, we use analytical derivations rather than empirical simulations. First, we examine the effects of CMV on correlations between observed variables as a function of measure unreliability and the sign and size of the “true” trait correlation. We demonstrate that, for negative trait correlations, CMV leads to a substantial upward bias in observed correlations (i.e., observed correlations are less negative than the trait correlation), and under certain conditions observed correlations may even have the wrong sign (assuming that the method loadings are both positive or both negative). We also show that, for positive trait correlations, the downward bias due to measurement unreliability does not always mitigate the upward bias due to CMV (again assuming that the method loadings are either both positive or both negative). Importantly, our results indicate that the inflationary effect of CMV is larger at lower levels of (positive) trait correlations, whereas the deflationary effect of unreliability is larger at higher levels of trait correlations. Second, we demonstrate analytically the serious deficiencies of the popular Harman one-factor test for detecting common method variance and strongly recommend against its use in future research.
University of Ottawa1, University of Roehampton2, Duke University3, Liverpool John Moores University4, University of Oslo5, University of Birmingham6, University of California, Los Angeles7, Ibn Tofail University8, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology9, Maastricht University10, University of Strasbourg11, University of Georgia12, Philips13, Eindhoven University of Technology14, Vanderbilt University15, Baylor College of Medicine16, Tufts University17, RMIT University18, University of Cape Town19, University College London20, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences21, University of California, Irvine22, Humboldt University of Berlin23, University of the West Indies24, University of Glasgow25, University of California, Santa Barbara26, University of Aberdeen27, Chinese Academy of Sciences28, Pennington Biomedical Research Center29, Northwestern University30, Imperial College London31, University of Agder32, Burton Snowboards33, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center34, Moi University35, University of Helsinki36, University of Brighton37, University of Edinburgh38, Washington University in St. Louis39, University of Southern California40, University of Strathclyde41, Tilburg University42, University of Copenhagen43, Stanford University44, Baylor University45, UCL Institute of Child Health46, Max Planck Society47, Kyoto University48, International Atomic Energy Agency49, Loyola University Chicago50, University of Tsukuba51, University of Wisconsin-Madison52
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) of people living normal lives to find that energy compensation by a typical human averages 28% due to reduced BEE; this suggests that only 72% of the extra calories we burn from additional activity translates into extra calories burned that day.
Martin Schweinsberg1, Michael Feldman2, Nicola Staub2, Olmo van den Akker3 +175 more•Institutions (121)
TL;DR: DataExplained as discussed by the authors is a crowdsourced initiative that allows independent analysts to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings using the same dataset.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the optimal intensity with which to lockdown, and how should that intensity vary dynamically over the course of an epidemic, with an optimal control model that recognizes the particular risks when infection rates surge beyond the healthcare system's capacity to deliver appropriate care.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe barriers and facilitators for shared decision making (SDM) as experienced by older patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), informal caregivers and health professionals.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe barriers and facilitators for shared decision making (SDM) as experienced by older patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), informal caregivers and health professionals. A structured literature search was conducted with 5 databases. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and performed a quality assessment. The results from the included studies were summarized using a predefined taxonomy. Our search yielded 3838 articles. Twenty-eight studies, listing 149 perceived barriers and 67 perceived facilitators for SDM, were included. Due to poor health and cognitive and/or physical impairments, older patients with MCCs participate less in SDM. Poor interpersonal skills of health professionals are perceived as hampering SDM, as do organizational barriers, such as pressure for time and high turnover of patients. However, among older patients with MCCs, SDM could be facilitated when patients share information about personal values, priorities and preferences, as well as information about quality of life and functional status. Informal caregivers may facilitate SDM by assisting patients with decision support, although informal caregivers can also complicate the SDM process, for example, when they have different views on treatment or the patient’s capability to be involved. Coordination of care when multiple health professionals are involved is perceived as important. Although poor health is perceived as a barrier to participate in SDM, the personal experience of living with MCCs is considered valuable input in SDM. An explicit invitation to participate in SDM is important to older adults. Health professionals need a supporting organizational context and good communication skills to devise an individualized approach for patient care.