Tongji University

About: Tongji University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Population. The organization has 76116 authors who have published 81176 publications receiving 1248911 citations. The organization is also known as: Tongji & Tóngjì Dàxué.

Detection of extracellular H2O2 released from human liver cancer cells based on TiO2 nanoneedles with enhanced electron transfer of cytochrome c.

Abstract: The high conductive TiO2 nanoneedles film is first employed as a support matrix for immobilizing model enzyme, cytochrome c (cyt c) to facilitate the electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrodes. Reversible and direct electron transfer of cyt c is successfully achieved at the nanostructured TiO2 surface with the redox formal potential (E0′) of 108.0 ± 1.9 mV versus Ag|AgCl and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 13.8 ± 2.1 s−1. Experimental data indicate that cyt c is stably immobilized onto the TiO2 nanoneedles film and maintains inherent enzymatic activity toward H2O2. On the basis of these results, the cyt c−TiO2 nanocomposits film is capable of sensing H2O2 at a suitable potential, 0.0 V (vs Ag|AgCl), where not only common anodic interferences like ascorbic acid, uric acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid but also a cathodic interference, O2, are effectively avoided. Besides high selectivity, the present biosensor for H2O2 shows broad dynamic range and low detection limit. T...

Role of Ferrate(IV) and Ferrate(V) in Activating Ferrate(VI) by Calcium Sulfite for Enhanced Oxidation of Organic Contaminants

Abstract: Although the Fe(VI)-sulfite process has shown great potential for the rapid removal of organic contaminants, the major active oxidants (Fe(IV)/Fe(V) versus SO4•-/•OH) involved in this process are still under debate. By employing sparingly soluble CaSO3 as a slow-releasing source of SO32-, this study evaluated the oxidation performance of the Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process and identified the active oxidants involved in this process. The process exhibited efficient oxidation of a variety of compounds, including antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, at rates that were 6.1-173.7-fold faster than those measured for Fe(VI) alone, depending on pH, CaSO3 dosage, and the properties of organic contaminants. Many lines of evidence verified that neither SO4•- nor •OH was the active species in the Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process. The accelerating effect of CaSO3 was ascribed to the direct generation of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species from the reaction of Fe(VI) with soluble SO32- via one-electron steps as well as the indirect generation of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) species from the self-decay of Fe(VI) and Fe(VI) reaction with H2O2, which could be catalyzed by uncomplexed Fe(III). Besides, the Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process exhibited satisfactory removal of organic contaminants in real water, and inorganic anions showed negligible effects on organic contaminant decomposition in this process. Thus, the Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process with Fe(IV)/Fe(V) as reactive oxidants may be a promising method for abating various micropollutants in water treatment.

Autism: reduced connectivity between cortical areas involved in face expression, theory of mind, and the sense of self.

Abstract: Whole-brain voxel-based unbiased resting state functional connectivity was analysed in 418 subjects with autism and 509 matched typically developing individuals. We identified a key system in the middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus region that has reduced cortical functional connectivity (and increased with the medial thalamus), which is implicated in face expression processing involved in social behaviour. This system has reduced functional connectivity with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which is implicated in emotion and social communication. The middle temporal gyrus system is also implicated in theory of mind processing. We also identified in autism a second key system in the precuneus/superior parietal lobule region with reduced functional connectivity, which is implicated in spatial functions including of oneself, and of the spatial environment. It is proposed that these two types of functionality, face expression-related, and of one’s self and the environment, are important components of the computations involved in theory of mind, whether of oneself or of others, and that reduced connectivity within and between these regions may make a major contribution to the symptoms of autism.