Tongji University

About: Tongji University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Population. The organization has 76116 authors who have published 81176 publications receiving 1248911 citations. The organization is also known as: Tongji & Tóngjì Dàxué.

Targeting Negative Surface Charges of Cancer Cells by Multifunctional Nanoprobes.

Abstract: A set of electrostatically charged, fluorescent, and superparamagnetic nanoprobes was developed for targeting cancer cells without using any molecular biomarkers. The surface electrostatic properties of the established cancer cell lines and primary normal cells were characterized by using these nanoprobes with various electrostatic signs and amplitudes. All twenty two randomly selected cancer cell lines of different organs, but not normal control cells, bound specifically to the positively charged nanoprobes. The relative surface charges of cancer cells could be quantified by the percentage of cells captured magnetically. The activities of glucose metabolism had a profound impact on the surface charge level of cancer cells. The data indicate that an elevated glycolysis in the cancer cells led to a higher level secretion of lactate. The secreted lactate anions are known to remove the positive ions, leaving behind the negative changes on the cell surfaces. This unique metabolic behavior is responsible for generating negative cancer surface charges in a perpetuating fashion. The metabolically active cancer cells are shown to a unique surface electrostatic pattern that can be used for recovering cancer cells from the circulating blood and other solutions.

Deadlock Control of Automated Manufacturing Systems Based on Petri Nets—A Literature Review

Abstract: Deadlocks are a rather undesirable situation in a highly automated flexible manufacturing system. Their occurrences often deteriorate the utilization of resources and may lead to catastrophic results in safety-critical systems. Graph theory, automata, and Petri nets are three important mathematical tools to handle deadlock problems in resource allocation systems. Particularly, Petri nets are considered as a popular formalism because of their inherent characteristics. They received much attention over the past decades to deal with deadlock problems, leading to a variety of deadlock-control policies. This study surveys the state-of-the-art deadlock-control strategies for automated manufacturing systems by reviewing the principles and techniques that are involved in preventing, avoiding, and detecting deadlocks. The focus is deadlock prevention due to its large and continuing stream of efforts. A control strategy is evaluated in terms of computational complexity, behavioral permissiveness, and structural complexity of its deadlock-free supervisor. This study provides readers with a conglomeration of the updated results in this area and facilitates engineers in finding a suitable approach for their industrial scenarios. Future research directions are finally discussed.

Properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing single-negative materials.

Abstract: The transmission properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing two kinds of single-negative (permittivity- or permeability-negative) media are studied theoretically. We show that this structure can possess a type of photonic gap with zero effective phase $({\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\text{eff}})$. The zero-${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\text{eff}}$ gap distinguishes itself from a Bragg gap in that it is invariant with a change of scale length and is insensitive to thickness fluctuation. In contrast to a photonic gap corresponding to zero averaged refractive index, the zero-${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\text{eff}}$ gap can be made very wide by varying the ratio of the thicknesses of two media. An equivalent transmission-line model is utilized to explain the properties. A photonic quantum-well structure based on zero-${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\text{eff}}$ gaps is proposed as a multiple channeled filter that is compact and robust against disorder.

Perfluorooctanoic Acid Degradation Using UV–Persulfate Process: Modeling of the Degradation and Chlorate Formation

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the destruction and by-product formation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using ultraviolet light and persulfate (UV–PS). Additionally, we developed a first-principles kinetic model to simulate both PFOA destruction and by-product and chlorate (ClO3–) formation in ultrapure water (UW), surface water (SW), and wastewater (WW). PFOA degradation was significantly suppressed in the presence of chloride and carbonate species and did not occur until all the chloride was converted to ClO3– in UW and for low DOC concentrations in SW. The model was able to simulate the PS decay, pH changes, radical concentrations, and ClO3– formation for UW and SW. However, our model was unable to simulate PFOA degradation well in WW, possibly from PS activation by NOM, which in turn produced sulfate radicals.