Institution
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Government•Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States•
About: United States Environmental Protection Agency is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Environmental exposure. The organization has 13873 authors who have published 26902 publications receiving 1191729 citations. The organization is also known as: EPA & Environmental Protection Agency.
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TL;DR: In this article, a depth-integrated basis around the globe, at least 1.0 X 10 15 g C and 0.15 × 10 15g N are estimated to be available annually for utilization by planktonic microorganisms through the conversion of light absorbing fractions of dissolved organic matter to more biologically labile compounds.
Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be degraded by sunlight into a variety of photoproducts that stimulate the growth and activity of microorganisms in aquatic environments. All biologically labile photoproducts identified to date fall into one of four categories: (1) low-molecular-weight (MW) organic compounds (carbonyl compounds with MW of 20% of the bacterial carbon demand. Likewise, 30% of the bacterial nitrogen demand can be met by photodegradation of the nitrogen components of DOM, a process likely to be of particular importance in nitrogen-limited systems. When considered on a depth-integrated basis around the globe, at least 1.0 X 10 15 g C and 0.15 X 10 15 g N are estimated to be available annually for utilization by planktonic microorganisms through the conversion of light-absorbing fractions of DOM to more biologically labile compounds. By comparison, direct photochemical mineralization of DOM is estimated to convert 12-16 X 10 15 g C to CO 2 annually.
852 citations
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United States Environmental Protection Agency1, Environment Canada2, Norwegian Institute for Air Research3, Ontario Ministry of the Environment4, Syracuse University5, Finnish Environment Institute6, Norwegian Institute for Water Research7, University of Maine8, University College London9, United States Geological Survey10, Fisheries and Oceans Canada11, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources12, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad13
TL;DR: This article analyzed regional trends between 1980 and 1995 in indicators of acidification (sulphate, nitrate and base-cation concentrations, and measured (Gran) alkalinity) for 205 lakes and streams in eight regions of North America and Europe.
Abstract: Rates of acidic deposition from the atmosphere (‘acid rain’) have decreased throughout the 1980s and 1990s across large portions of North America and Europe1,2. Many recent studies have attributed observed reversals in surface-water acidification at national3 and regional4 scales to the declining deposition. To test whether emissions regulations have led to widespread recovery in surface-water chemistry, we analysed regional trends between 1980 and 1995 in indicators of acidification (sulphate, nitrate and base-cation concentrations, and measured (Gran) alkalinity) for 205 lakes and streams in eight regions of North America and Europe. Dramatic differences in trend direction and strength for the two decades are apparent. In concordance with general temporal trends in acidic deposition, lake and stream sulphate concentrations decreased in all regions with the exception of Great Britain; all but one of these regions exhibited stronger downward trends in the 1990s than in the 1980s. In contrast, regional declines in lake and stream nitrate concentrations were rare and, when detected, were very small. Recovery in alkalinity, expected wherever strong regional declines in sulphate concentrations have occurred, was observed in all regions of Europe, especially in the 1990s, but in only one region (of five) in North America. We attribute the lack of recovery in three regions (south/central Ontario, the Adirondack/Catskill mountains and midwestern North America) to strong regional declines in base-cation concentrations that exceed the decreases in sulphate concentrations.
844 citations
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad1, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology2, Purdue University3, South African Medical Research Council4, National Institutes of Health5, University of Illinois at Chicago6, University of Vienna7, University of Leicester8, Carleton University9, Gifu University10, Food and Drug Administration11, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation12, United States Department of Agriculture13, German Cancer Research Center14, Institut national de la recherche scientifique15, Université libre de Bruxelles16, University of Leeds17, Kagawa University18, University of California, Davis19, United States Environmental Protection Agency20, ExxonMobil21, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health22
TL;DR: Members Ahti Anttila, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Liisankatu 21 B, 00170 Helsinki, Finland Ramesh V. Bhat, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania PO, Hyderabad-500 007 AP, India.
Abstract: Members Ahti Anttila, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Liisankatu 21 B, 00170 Helsinki, Finland Ramesh V. Bhat, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania PO, Hyderabad-500 007 AP, India James A. Bond, Chemico-Biological Interactions, Toxcon, 5505 Frenchmans Creek, Durham, NC 27713, USA Susan J. Borghoff, CIIT Centers for Health Research, 6 Davis Drive, Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2127, USA F. Xavier Bosch, Epidemiology Unit and Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av. Gran via s/n, Km. 2.7, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain Gary P. Carlson, School of Health Sciences, 1338 Civil Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1338, USA Marcel Castegnaro, Les Collanges, 07240 Saint-Jean-Chambre, France George Cruzan, ToxWorks, 1153 Roadstown Road, Bridgeton, NJ 08302-6640, USA Wentzel C.A. Gelderblom, Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Medical Research Council (MRC), PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, South Africa 7505 Ulla Hass, Institute of Food Safety and Toxicology, Morkhoj Bygade 19, 2860 Soborg, Denmark Sara H. Henry, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA Ronald A. Herbert, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Mail Drop B3-08, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA Marc Jackson, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS: SOME TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES, SOME MYCOTOXINS, NAPHTHALENE AND STYRENE
836 citations
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TL;DR: This article was originally published with an incorrect version of the Acknowledgments, which appeared on p. 218 of the print version.
Abstract: Note: This article was originally published with an incorrect version of the Acknowledgments, which appeared on p. 218 of the print version. The correct version of the Acknowledgments appeared on pp. 1–2. The corrected article is available below.
823 citations
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TL;DR: Synthetic methods for preparing different classes of CSNs, including the Stöber method, solvothermal method, one-pot synthetic method involving surfactants, etc., are briefly mentioned here.
Abstract: Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) are a class of nanostructured materials that have recently received increased attention owing to their interesting properties and broad range of applications in catalysis, biology, materials chemistry and sensors. By rationally tuning the cores as well as the shells of such materials, a range of core–shell nanoparticles can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in various catalytic processes and offer sustainable solutions to current energy problems. Various synthetic methods for preparing different classes of CSNs, including the Stober method, solvothermal method, one-pot synthetic method involving surfactants, etc., are briefly mentioned here. The roles of various classes of CSNs are exemplified for both catalytic and electrocatalytic applications, including oxidation, reduction, coupling reactions, etc.
822 citations
Authors
Showing all 13926 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Joel Schwartz | 183 | 1149 | 109985 |
Timothy A. Springer | 167 | 669 | 122421 |
Chien-Jen Chen | 128 | 655 | 66360 |
Matthew W. Gillman | 126 | 529 | 55835 |
J. D. Hansen | 122 | 975 | 76198 |
Dionysios D. Dionysiou | 116 | 675 | 48449 |
John P. Giesy | 114 | 1162 | 62790 |
Douglas W. Dockery | 105 | 244 | 57461 |
Charles P. Gerba | 102 | 692 | 35871 |
David A. Savitz | 99 | 572 | 32947 |
Stephen Polasky | 99 | 354 | 59148 |
Judith C. Chow | 96 | 427 | 32632 |
Diane R. Gold | 95 | 443 | 30717 |
Scott L. Zeger | 95 | 377 | 78179 |
Rajender S. Varma | 95 | 672 | 37083 |