Showing papers by "University of Buenos Aires published in 2017"
TL;DR: The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries, and the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase.
1,573 citations
Proceedings Article•
17 Jan 2017TL;DR: In this article, the authors make theoretical steps towards fully understanding the training dynamics of GANs and perform targeted experiments to verify their assumptions, illustrate their claims, and quantify the phenomena.
Abstract: The goal of this paper is not to introduce a single algorithm or method, but to make theoretical steps towards fully understanding the training dynamics of generative adversarial networks. In order to substantiate our theoretical analysis, we perform targeted experiments to verify our assumptions, illustrate our claims, and quantify the phenomena. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the problem at hand. The second section is dedicated to studying and proving rigorously the problems including instability and saturation that arize when training generative adversarial networks. The third section examines a practical and theoretically grounded direction towards solving these problems, while introducing new tools to study them.
1,259 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make theoretical steps towards fully understanding the training dynamics of GANs and perform targeted experiments to verify their assumptions, illustrate their claims, and quantify the phenomena.
Abstract: The goal of this paper is not to introduce a single algorithm or method, but to make theoretical steps towards fully understanding the training dynamics of generative adversarial networks. In order to substantiate our theoretical analysis, we perform targeted experiments to verify our assumptions, illustrate our claims, and quantify the phenomena. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the problem at hand. The second section is dedicated to studying and proving rigorously the problems including instability and saturation that arize when training generative adversarial networks. The third section examines a practical and theoretically grounded direction towards solving these problems, while introducing new tools to study them.
1,030 citations
TL;DR: The panel selected seven PICO (population–intervention–comparison–outcome) questions that generated a series of recommendations for HAP/VAP diagnosis, treatment and prevention that were adopted by the ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT panel.
Abstract: The most recent European guidelines and task force reports on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were published almost 10 years ago. Since then, further randomised clinical trials of HAP and VAP have been conducted and new information has become available. Studies of epidemiology, diagnosis, empiric treatment, response to treatment, new antibiotics or new forms of antibiotic administration and disease prevention have changed old paradigms. In addition, important differences between approaches in Europe and the USA have become apparent. The European Respiratory Society launched a project to develop new international guidelines for HAP and VAP. Other European societies, including the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, were invited to participate and appointed their representatives. The Latin American Thoracic Association was also invited. A total of 15 experts and two methodologists made up the panel. Three experts from the USA were also invited (Michael S. Niederman, Marin Kollef and Richard Wunderink). Applying the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, the panel selected seven PICO (population–intervention–comparison–outcome) questions that generated a series of recommendations for HAP/VAP diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
710 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a short overview of the changes to the trigger and data acquisition systems during the first long shutdown of the LHC and shows the performance of the trigger system and its components based on the 2015 proton–proton collision data.
Abstract: During 2015 the ATLAS experiment recorded 3.8 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The ATLAS trigger system is a crucial component of the experiment, respons ...
488 citations
Dresden University of Technology1, University College London2, Eskişehir Osmangazi University3, Virginia Commonwealth University4, University of Cologne5, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières6, University of Jena7, University College of Medical Sciences8, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary9, Konkuk University10, St. Lawrence University11, Cairo University12, Mie University13, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki14, University of Bern15, University of Vermont Medical Center16, University of Insubria17, Kanazawa Medical University18, University of Barcelona19, Medical University of Vienna20, University of Padua21, The Catholic University of America22, University of East Anglia23, University of Chicago24, University of Colorado Boulder25, Université catholique de Louvain26, Wolfson Medical Center27, Taipei Veterans General Hospital28, University of Buenos Aires29, Karolinska University Hospital30, University of Duisburg-Essen31, University of Pardubice32, University Hospital of Basel33
TL;DR: Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to adopt a common language in olfactory dysfunction to increase the methodological quality, consistency and generalisability of work in this field.
Abstract: Background: Olfactory dysfunction is an increasingly recognised condition, associated with reduced quality of life and major health outcomes such as neurodegeneration and death. However, translational research in this field is limited by heterogeneity in methodological approach, including definitions of impairment, improvement and appropriate assessment techniques. Accordingly, effective treatments are limited. In an effort to encourage high quality and comparable work in this field, among others, we propose the following ideas and recommendations. Whilst full recommendations are outlined in the main document, key points include: -Patients with suspected olfactory loss should undergo a full examination of the head and neck, including rigid nasal endoscopy. -Subjective olfactory assessment should not be undertaken in isolation, given its poor reliability. -Psychophysical assessment tools used in clinical and research settings should include reliable and validated tests of odour threshold, and/or one of odour identification or discrimination. -Comprehensive chemosensory assessment should include gustatory screening. -Smell training can be helpful in patients with olfactory loss of several aetiologies. Conclusions: We hope the current manuscript will encourage clinicians and researchers to adopt a common language, and in so doing, increase the methodological quality, consistency and generalisability of work in this field.
473 citations
TL;DR: Topological cell clustering is established as a well-performing calorimeter signal definition for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction in ATLAS and is exploited to apply a local energy calibration and corrections depending on the nature of the cluster.
Abstract: The reconstruction of the signal from hadrons and jets emerging from the proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and entering the ATLAS calorimeters is based on a three-dimensional topological clustering of individual calorimeter cell signals. The cluster formation follows cell signal-significance patterns generated by electromagnetic and hadronic showers. In this, the clustering algorithm implicitly performs a topological noise suppression by removing cells with insignificant signals which are not in close proximity to cells with significant signals. The resulting topological cell clusters have shape and location information, which is exploited to apply a local energy calibration and corrections depending on the nature of the cluster. Topological cell clustering is established as a well-performing calorimeter signal definition for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction in ATLAS.
438 citations
TL;DR: Tissue repair is a subset of a broad repertoire of interleukin-4 (IL-4)– and IL-13–dependent host responses during helminth infection, and it is shown that IL-4 orIL-13 alone was not sufficient, but IL-2 or IL-3 together with apoptotic cells induced the tissue repair program in macrophages.
Abstract: Tissue repair is a subset of a broad repertoire of interleukin-4 (IL-4)– and IL-13–dependent host responses during helminth infection. Here we show that IL-4 or IL-13 alone was not sufficient, but IL-4 or IL-13 together with apoptotic cells induced the tissue repair program in macrophages. Genetic ablation of sensors of apoptotic cells impaired the proliferation of tissue-resident macrophages and the induction of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes in the lungs after helminth infection or in the gut after induction of colitis. By contrast, the recognition of apoptotic cells was dispensable for cytokine-dependent induction of pattern recognition receptor, cell adhesion, or chemotaxis genes in macrophages. Detection of apoptotic cells can therefore spatially compartmentalize or prevent premature or ectopic activity of pleiotropic, soluble cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-13.
369 citations
TL;DR: The Pierre Auger Collaboration reports the observation of thousands of cosmic rays with ultrahigh energies of several exa–electron volts, arriving in a slightly dipolar distribution, showing that they originate outside the Milky Way Galaxy.
Abstract: Cosmic rays are atomic nuclei arriving from outer space that reach the highest energies observed in nature Clues to their origin come from studying the distribution of their arrival directions Using 3 × 10 4 cosmic rays with energies above 8 × 10 18 electron volts, recorded with the Pierre Auger Observatory from a total exposure of 76,800 km 2 sr year, we determined the existence of anisotropy in arrival directions The anisotropy, detected at more than a 52σ level of significance, can be described by a dipole with an amplitude of 65 − 09 + 13 percent toward right ascension α d = 100 ± 10 degrees and declination δ d = − 24 − 13 + 12 degrees That direction indicates an extragalactic origin for these ultrahigh-energy particles
369 citations
Paris Descartes University1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2, university of lille3, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine4, University of Lübeck5, University of Padua6, University of Pécs7, University of the Witwatersrand8, University of Giessen9, University of Verona10, University of Zurich11, University of Bari12, Lund University13, Charles University in Prague14, Marche Polytechnic University15, University of Belgrade16, Sapienza University of Rome17, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy18, University of Debrecen19, University of Basel20, Ghent University21, Federal University of Paraná22, University of Milan23, Policlinico Umberto I24, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven25, University of Waikato26, University of Otago27, University Hospital Centre Zagreb28, University of Alabama29, James Cook University Hospital30, Technische Universität München31, University of Buenos Aires32, Medical University of Białystok33, University of Florence34
TL;DR: Combining two complementary and detailed databases enabled the collection of an unprecedented 3700 deaths, revealing the major contribution of the cardiopulmonary system to SSc mortality.
Abstract: Objectives To determine the causes of death and risk factors in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods Between 2000 and 2011, we examined the death certificates of all French patients with SSc to determine causes of death. Then we examined causes of death and developed a score associated with all-cause mortality from the international European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Candidate prognostic factors were tested by Cox proportional hazards regression model by single variable analysis, followed by a multiple variable model stratified by centres. The bootstrapping technique was used for internal validation. Results We identified 2719 French certificates of deaths related to SSc, mainly from cardiac (31%) and respiratory (18%) causes, and an increase in SSc-specific mortality over time. Over a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 1072 (9.6%) of 11 193 patients from the EUSTAR sample died, from cardiac disease in 27% and respiratory causes in 17%. By multiple variable analysis, a risk score was developed, which accurately predicted the 3-year mortality, with an area under the curve of 0.82. The 3-year survival of patients in the upper quartile was 53%, in contrast with 98% in the first quartile. Conclusion Combining two complementary and detailed databases enabled the collection of an unprecedented 3700 deaths, revealing the major contribution of the cardiopulmonary system to SSc mortality. We also developed a robust score to risk-stratify these patients and estimate their 3-year survival. With the emergence of new therapies, these important observations should help caregivers plan and refine the monitoring and management to prolong these patients’ survival.
358 citations
TL;DR: Empirical analysis on Nopol shows that the approach can effectively fix bugs with buggy if conditions and missing preconditions on two large open-source projects, namely Apache Commons Math and Apache Commons Lang.
Abstract: We propose Nopol , an approach to automatic repair of buggy conditional statements (i.e., if-then-else statements). This approach takes a buggy program as well as a test suite as input and generates a patch with a conditional expression as output. The test suite is required to contain passing test cases to model the expected behavior of the program and at least one failing test case that reveals the bug to be repaired. The process of Nopol consists of three major phases. First, Nopol employs angelic fix localization to identify expected values of a condition during the test execution. Second, runtime trace collection is used to collect variables and their actual values, including primitive data types and objected-oriented features (e.g., nullness checks), to serve as building blocks for patch generation. Third, Nopol encodes these collected data into an instance of a Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) problem; then a feasible solution to the SMT instance is translated back into a code patch. We evaluate Nopol on 22 real-world bugs (16 bugs with buggy if conditions and six bugs with missing preconditions) on two large open-source projects, namely Apache Commons Math and Apache Commons Lang. Empirical analysis on these bugs shows that our approach can effectively fix bugs with buggy if conditions and missing preconditions. We illustrate the capabilities and limitations of Nopol using case studies of real bug fixes.
TL;DR: In this article, rosemary extracts were successfully incorporated within cassava starch films in order to produce active food packaging with antioxidant properties, which showed an increase in their antioxidant activity as the polyphenols content increased, while the films containing the greater extract concentration showed better barrier properties against UV light.
TL;DR: In this article, a search for new resonant and non-resonant high-mass phenomena in dielectron and dimuon fi nal states was conducted using 36 : 1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data.
Abstract: A search is conducted for new resonant and non-resonant high-mass phenomena in dielectron and dimuon fi nal states. The search uses 36 : 1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data, collected at root ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.
Abstract: Plants use photoreceptor proteins to detect the proximity of other plants and to activate adaptive responses. Of these photoreceptors, phytochrome B (phyB), which is sensitive to changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio of sunlight, is the one that has been studied in greatest detail. The molecular connections between the proximity signal (low R:FR) and a model physiological response (increased elongation growth) have now been mapped in considerable detail in Arabidopsis seedlings. We briefly review our current understanding of these connections and discuss recent progress in establishing the roles of other photoreceptors in regulating growth-related pathways in response to competition cues. We also consider processes other than elongation that are controlled by photoreceptors and contribute to plant fitness under variable light conditions, including photoresponses that optimize the utilization of soil resources. In examining recent advances in the field, we highlight emerging roles of phyB as a major modulator of hormones related to plant immunity, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Recent attempts to manipulate connections between light signals and defence in Arabidopsis suggest that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling.
TL;DR: Three main methodological protocols will be presented in this review article for the late-stage introduction of a CF2 H or CF2 Y moieties into organic substrates: a metal-photoredox catalysis, through transition metal-catalyzed thermal protocols, and from transition-metal-free strategies.
Abstract: Fil: Yerien, Damian Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Organica; Argentina
TL;DR: An overview on the current state of the art of several mixed micellar formulations as nanocarriers for drugs and imaging probes, evaluating their ongoing status (preclinical or clinical stage), with special emphasis on type of copolymers, physicochemical properties, in vivo progress achieved so far and toxicity profiles is given.
TL;DR: This review attempts to summarize current information available regarding the clinical status and the physicochemical characteristic of different nanocarriers for paclitaxel delivery in cancer therapy.
TL;DR: In this paper, Dijet events are studied in the proton-proton collision dataset recorded at root s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016.
Abstract: Dijet events are studied in the proton-proton collision dataset recorded at root s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to integrated lumino ...
TL;DR: In this article, an automated algorithm for unified rejection and repair of bad trials in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG (EEG) signals is presented. But this approach is limited to EEG and cannot handle MEG.
TL;DR: This review focuses on the description and the clinical benefits of different DOX-loaded nanotechnological platforms, not only those commercially available but also the ones that are currently in clinical phases, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, polymer-drug conjugates,polymeric micelles and ligand-based DOX -loaded nanoformulations.
TL;DR: Active and smart biodegradable films from cassava starch and glycerol with 5wt.% of different natural extracts such as green tea and basil were obtained by casting and their functional capacity as antioxidants and their physicochemical properties achieved from the incorporation were evaluated.
TL;DR: This mini review is limited to very recent studies (last 5-10 years) on two major issues, concerning: the production and physical/chemical modification of bacterial cellulose and its transformation into carbon and integrated synthesis of metal oxides, metal sulfide and metal nanoparticles withinacterial cellulose nanoribbons network.
University of Oklahoma1, Arizona State University2, Colorado State University3, University of South Florida4, United States Department of Agriculture5, University of Alberta6, Humboldt State University7, University of New Mexico8, Michigan State University9, ETH Zurich10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, King Juan Carlos University12, Spanish National Research Council13, Northwest A&F University14, Alberta Environment15, University of Buenos Aires16, University of Texas at Arlington17, Rice University18
TL;DR: Policy and land management decisions related to global change scenarios should consider how ANPP and BNPP responses may differ, and that ecosystem responses to extreme events might not be predicted from relationships found under moderate environmental changes.
Abstract: Climatic changes are altering Earth's hydrological cycle, resulting in altered precipitation amounts, increased interannual variability of precipitation, and more frequent extreme precipitation events. These trends will likely continue into the future, having substantial impacts on net primary productivity (NPP) and associated ecosystem services such as food production and carbon sequestration. Frequently, experimental manipulations of precipitation have linked altered precipitation regimes to changes in NPP. Yet, findings have been diverse and substantial uncertainty still surrounds generalities describing patterns of ecosystem sensitivity to altered precipitation. Additionally, we do not know whether previously observed correlations between NPP and precipitation remain accurate when precipitation changes become extreme. We synthesized results from 83 case studies of experimental precipitation manipulations in grasslands worldwide. We used meta-analytical techniques to search for generalities and asymmetries of aboveground NPP (ANPP) and belowground NPP (BNPP) responses to both the direction and magnitude of precipitation change. Sensitivity (i.e., productivity response standardized by the amount of precipitation change) of BNPP was similar under precipitation additions and reductions, but ANPP was more sensitive to precipitation additions than reductions; this was especially evident in drier ecosystems. Additionally, overall relationships between the magnitude of productivity responses and the magnitude of precipitation change were saturating in form. The saturating form of this relationship was likely driven by ANPP responses to very extreme precipitation increases, although there were limited studies imposing extreme precipitation change, and there was considerable variation among experiments. This highlights the importance of incorporating gradients of manipulations, ranging from extreme drought to extreme precipitation increases into future climate change experiments. Additionally, policy and land management decisions related to global change scenarios should consider how ANPP and BNPP responses may differ, and that ecosystem responses to extreme events might not be predicted from relationships found under moderate environmental changes.
TL;DR: A simple two‐terminal device is introduced, which can implement the basic functions leaky integrate and fire of spiking neurons and is found that it is realized by the behavior of strongly correlated narrow‐gap Mott insulators subject to electric pulsing.
Abstract: During the last half century, the tremendous development of computers based on von Neumann architecture has led to the revolution of the information technology. However, von Neumann computers are outperformed by the mammal brain in numerous data-processing applications such as pattern recognition and data mining. Neuromorphic engineering aims to mimic brain-like behavior through the implementation of artificial neural networks based on the combination of a large number of artificial neurons massively interconnected by an even larger number of artificial synapses. In order to effectively implement artificial neural networks directly in hardware, it is mandatory to develop artificial neurons and synapses. A promising advance has been made in recent years with the introduction of the components called memristors that might implement synaptic functions. In contrast, the advances in artificial neurons have consisted in the implementation of silicon-based circuits. However, so far, a single-component artificial neuron that will bring an improvement comparable to what memristors have brought to synapses is still missing. Here, a simple two-terminal device is introduced, which can implement the basic functions leaky integrate and fire of spiking neurons. Remarkably, it has been found that it is realized by the behavior of strongly correlated narrow-gap Mott insulators subject to electric pulsing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors search for high-energy neutrinos from the binary neutron star merger in the GeV-EeV energy range using the Antares, IceCube, and Pierre Auger Observatories.
Abstract: The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observatories recently discovered gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. A short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that followed the merger of this binary was also recorded by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM), and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), indicating particle acceleration by the source. The precise location of the event was determined by optical detections of emission following the merger. We searched for high-energy neutrinos from the merger in the GeV–EeV energy range using the Antares, IceCube, and Pierre Auger Observatories. No neutrinos directionally coincident with the source were detected within ±500 s around the merger time. Additionally, no MeV neutrino burst signal was detected coincident with the merger. We further carried out an extended search in the direction of the source for high-energy neutrinos within the 14 day period following the merger, but found no evidence of emission. We used these results to probe dissipation mechanisms in relativistic outflows driven by the binary neutron star merger. The non-detection is consistent with model predictions of short GRBs observed at a large off-axis angle.
TL;DR: It is suggested that lower proximal reabsorption in female rats expedites excretion of a saline load and enhances NCC and ENaC abundance and activation, which may facilitate K+ secretion and set plasma K+ at a lower level.
Abstract: Compared with males, females have lower BP before age 60, blunted hypertensive response to angiotensin II, and a leftward shift in pressure natriuresis. This study tested the concept that this female advantage associates with a distinct sexual dimorphic pattern of transporters along the nephron. We applied quantitative immunoblotting to generate profiles of transporters, channels, claudins, and selected regulators in both sexes and assessed the physiologic consequences of the differences. In rats, females excreted a saline load more rapidly than males did. Compared with the proximal tubule of males, the proximal tubule of females had greater phosphorylation of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), distribution of NHE3 at the base of the microvilli, and less abundant expression of Na+/Pi cotransporter 2, claudin-2, and aquaporin 1. These changes associated with less bicarbonate reabsorption and higher lithium clearance in females. The distal nephrons of females had a higher abundance of total and phosphorylated Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC), claudin-7, and cleaved forms of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) α and γ subunits, which associated with a lower baseline plasma K+ concentration. A K+-rich meal increased the urinary K+ concentration and decreased the level of renal phosphorylated NCC in females. Notably, we observed similar abundance profiles in female versus male C57BL/6 mice. These results define sexual dimorphic phenotypes along the nephron and suggest that lower proximal reabsorption in female rats expedites excretion of a saline load and enhances NCC and ENaC abundance and activation, which may facilitate K+ secretion and set plasma K+ at a lower level.
TL;DR: In this article, the integral version of the Dirichlet homogeneous fractional Laplace equation is considered and the optimal order of convergence for the standard linear finite element method is proved for quasi-uniform as well as graded meshes.
Abstract: This paper deals with the integral version of the Dirichlet homogeneous fractional Laplace equation. For this problem weighted and fractional Sobolev a priori estimates are provided in terms of the Holder regularity of the data. By relying on these results, optimal order of convergence for the standard linear finite element method is proved for quasi-uniform as well as graded meshes. Some numerical examples are given showing results in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
TL;DR: Estrogen anti-aging and neuroprotective mechanisms, which are currently an area of intense study, are reviewed together with the effect they may have on the DNA repair capacity in the brain.
Abstract: Aging is an inevitable biological process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function and increased susceptibility to disease. The detrimental effects of aging are observed in all tissues, the brain being the most important one due to its main role in the homeostasis of the organism. As our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of brain aging increases, potential approaches to preserve brain function rise significantly. Accumulating evidence suggests that loss of genomic maintenance may contribute to aging, especially in the central nervous system (CNS) owing to its low DNA repair capacity. Sex hormones, particularly estrogens, possess potent antioxidant properties and play important roles in maintaining normal reproductive and non-reproductive functions. They exert neuroprotective actions and their loss during aging and natural or surgical menopause is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic decline, cognitive impairment and increased risk of age-related disorders. Moreover, loss of sex hormones has been suggested to promote an accelerated aging phenotype eventually leading to the development of brain hypometabolism, a feature often observed in menopausal women and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although data on the relation between sex hormones and DNA repair mechanisms in the brain is still limited, various investigations have linked sex hormone levels with different DNA repair enzymes. Here, we review estrogen anti-aging and neuroprotective mechanisms, which are currently an area of intense study, together with the effect they may have on the DNA repair capacity in the brain.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for estimating in-season crop acreage using a probability sample of field visits and producing wall-to-wall crop type maps at national scales is presented.
TL;DR: The PREDICTS project as discussed by the authors provides a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use.
Abstract: The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.