Showing papers by "University of Extremadura published in 2018"
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Gregory A. Roth1, Gregory A. Roth2, Degu Abate3, Kalkidan Hassen Abate4 +1025 more•Institutions (333)
TL;DR: Non-communicable diseases comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5–74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9–19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7–8·2).
5,211 citations
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Jeffrey D. Stanaway1, Ashkan Afshin1, Emmanuela Gakidou1, Stephen S Lim1 +1050 more•Institutions (346)
TL;DR: This study estimated levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017 and explored the relationship between development and risk exposure.
2,910 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero.
1,831 citations
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University of Rochester1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation3, Cairo University4, University of Extremadura5, Debre Berhan University6, University of Cambridge7, Seoul National University Hospital8, Autonomous University of Chile9, University of Pennsylvania10, Haramaya University11, Humboldt University of Berlin12, McGill University13, Karolinska Institutet14, Imperial College London15, University of Western Australia16, West Virginia University17, Hawassa University18, Tehran University of Medical Sciences19, Jordan University of Science and Technology20, Seoul National University21, Xiamen University22, University of Bari23, University of Porto24, National University of Malaysia25, University of Sydney26, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences27, Iran University of Medical Sciences28, Mekelle University29, University of Western Sydney30, University of Ibadan31, La Trobe University32, Deakin University33, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences34, University of Maragheh35, Utkal University36, University of North Carolina at Charlotte37, New York University38
TL;DR: Over the past generation, the global burden of Parkinson's disease has more than doubled as a result of increasing numbers of older people, with potential contributions from longer disease duration and environmental factors.
Abstract: Summary Background Neurological disorders are now the leading source of disability globally, and ageing is increasing the burden of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. We aimed to determine the global burden of Parkinson's disease between 1990 and 2016 to identify trends and to enable appropriate public health, medical, and scientific responses. Methods Through a systematic analysis of epidemiological studies, we estimated global, regional, and country-specific prevalence and years of life lived with disability for Parkinson's disease from 1990 to 2016. We estimated the proportion of mild, moderate, and severe Parkinson's disease on the basis of studies that used the Hoehn and Yahr scale and assigned disability weights to each level. We jointly modelled prevalence and excess mortality risk in a natural history model to derive estimates of deaths due to Parkinson's disease. Death counts were multiplied by values from the Global Burden of Disease study's standard life expectancy to compute years of life lost. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were computed as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings In 2016, 6·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5·0–7·3) individuals had Parkinson's disease globally, compared with 2·5 million (2·0–3·0) in 1990. This increase was not solely due to increasing numbers of older people, because age-standardised prevalence rates increased by 21·7% (95% UI 18·1–25·3) over the same period (compared with an increase of 74·3%, 95% UI 69·2–79·6, for crude prevalence rates). Parkinson's disease caused 3·2 million (95% UI 2·6–4·0) DALYs and 211 296 deaths (95% UI 167 771–265 160) in 2016. The male-to-female ratios of age-standardised prevalence rates were similar in 2016 (1·40, 95% UI 1·36–1·43) and 1990 (1·37, 1·34–1·40). From 1990 to 2016, age-standardised prevalence, DALY rates, and death rates increased for all global burden of disease regions except for southern Latin America, eastern Europe, and Oceania. In addition, age-standardised DALY rates generally increased across the Socio-demographic Index. Interpretation Over the past generation, the global burden of Parkinson's disease has more than doubled as a result of increasing numbers of older people, with potential contributions from longer disease duration and environmental factors. Demographic and potentially other factors are poised to increase the future burden of Parkinson's disease substantially. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
1,388 citations
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TL;DR: A global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends and a estimates of health-related SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous.
312 citations
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Christopher J L Murray1, Charlton S K H Callender1, Xie Rachel Kulikoff1, Vinay Srinivasan1 +1092 more•Institutions (424)
TL;DR: This work estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods and used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data.
287 citations
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TL;DR: Forest resilience to drought was related to both drought severity and forest composition, and evergreen gymnosperms dominating semi-arid Mediterranean forests showed the lowest resistance to drought, but higher recovery than deciduous angiosperms dominate humid temperate forests.
Abstract: Forecasted increase drought frequency and severity may drive worldwide declines in forest productivity. Species-level responses to a drier world are likely to be influenced by their functional traits. Here, we analyse forest resilience to drought using an extensive network of tree-ring width data and satellite imagery. We compiled proxies of forest growth and productivity (TRWi, absolutely dated ring-width indices; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for 11 tree species and 502 forests in Spain corresponding to Mediterranean, temperate, and continental biomes. Four different components of forest resilience to drought were calculated based on TRWi and NDVI data before, during, and after four major droughts (1986, 1994-1995, 1999, and 2005), and pointed out that TRWi data were more sensitive metrics of forest resilience to drought than NDVI data. Resilience was related to both drought severity and forest composition. Evergreen gymnosperms dominating semi-arid Mediterranean forests showed the lowest resistance to drought, but higher recovery than deciduous angiosperms dominating humid temperate forests. Moreover, semi-arid gymnosperm forests presented a negative temporal trend in the resistance to drought, but this pattern was absent in continental and temperate forests. Although gymnosperms in dry Mediterranean forests showed a faster recovery after drought, their recovery potential could be constrained if droughts become more frequent. Conversely, angiosperms and gymnosperms inhabiting temperate and continental sites might have problems to recover after more intense droughts since they resist drought but are less able to recover afterwards.
245 citations
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TL;DR: A new AL-guided classification model is developed that exploits both the spectral information and the spatial-contextual information in the hyperspectral data that makes use of recently developed Bayesian CNNs.
Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging is a widely used technique in remote sensing in which an imaging spectrometer collects hundreds of images (at different wavelength channels) for the same area on the surface of the earth. In the last two decades, several methods (unsupervised, supervised, and semisupervised) have been proposed to deal with the hyperspectral image classification problem. Supervised techniques have been generally more popular, despite the fact that it is difficult to collect labeled samples in real scenarios. In particular, deep neural networks, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have recently shown a great potential to yield high performance in the hyperspectral image classification. However, these techniques require sufficient labeled samples in order to perform properly and generalize well. Obtaining labeled data is expensive and time consuming, and the high dimensionality of hyperspectral data makes it difficult to design classifiers based on limited samples (for instance, CNNs overfit quickly with small training sets). Active learning (AL) can deal with this problem by training the model with a small set of labeled samples that is reinforced by the acquisition of new unlabeled samples. In this paper, we develop a new AL-guided classification model that exploits both the spectral information and the spatial-contextual information in the hyperspectral data. The proposed model makes use of recently developed Bayesian CNNs. Our newly developed technique provides robust classification results when compared with other state-of-the-art techniques for hyperspectral image classification.
230 citations
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TL;DR: The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multilayer stacked covariance pooling method can not only consistently outperform the corresponding single-layer model but also achieve better classification performance than other pretrained CNN-based scene classification methods.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new method, called multilayer stacked covariance pooling (MSCP), for remote sensing scene classification The innovative contribution of the proposed method is that it is able to naturally combine multilayer feature maps, obtained by pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) models Specifically, the proposed MSCP-based classification framework consists of the following three steps First, a pretrained CNN model is used to extract multilayer feature maps Then, the feature maps are stacked together, and a covariance matrix is calculated for the stacked features Each entry of the resulting covariance matrix stands for the covariance of two different feature maps, which provides a natural and innovative way to exploit the complementary information provided by feature maps coming from different layers Finally, the extracted covariance matrices are used as features for classification by a support vector machine The experimental results, conducted on three challenging data sets, demonstrate that the proposed MSCP method can not only consistently outperform the corresponding single-layer model but also achieve better classification performance than other pretrained CNN-based scene classification methods
226 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive view on the role of electrohydrodynamics effects, and how the full electrokinetic equations can be reduced or simplified into the Taylor-Melcher leaky dielectric model.
178 citations
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TL;DR: The technique was successfully applied to human brain homogenates of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease, wherein protein fibrils related to the disease were identified through chiral signals from Au nanorods in the visible and near IR, whereas healthy brain samples did not exhibit any meaningful optical activity.
Abstract: Amyloid fibrils, which are closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, are the final products in many protein aggregation pathways. The identification of fibrils at low concentration is, therefore, pivotal in disease diagnosis and development of therapeutic strategies. We report a methodology for the specific identification of amyloid fibrils using chiroptical effects in plasmonic nanoparticles. The formation of amyloid fibrils based on α-synuclein was probed using gold nanorods, which showed no apparent interaction with monomeric proteins but effective adsorption onto fibril structures via noncovalent interactions. The amyloid structure drives a helical nanorod arrangement, resulting in intense optical activity at the surface plasmon resonance wavelengths. This sensing technique was successfully applied to human brain homogenates of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease, wherein protein fibrils related to the disease were identified through chiral signals from Au nanorods in the visible and near IR, whereas healthy brain samples did not exhibit any meaningful optical activity. The technique was additionally extended to the specific detection of infectious amyloids formed by prion proteins, thereby confirming the wide potential of the technique. The intense chiral response driven by strong dipolar coupling in helical Au nanorod arrangements allowed us to detect amyloid fibrils down to nanomolar concentrations.
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TL;DR: There is interest in the accuracy and inter-unit reliability of position-tracking systems to monitor players and research into this technology, although relatively recent, has grown exponentially in popularity.
Abstract: There is interest in the accuracy and inter-unit reliability of position-tracking systems to monitor players. Research into this technology, although relatively recent, has grown exponentially in t...
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TL;DR: A novel local covariance matrix (CM) representation method is proposed to fully characterize the correlation among different spectral bands and the spatial–contextual information in the scene when conducting feature extraction from hyperspectral images (HSIs).
Abstract: In this paper, a novel local covariance matrix (CM) representation method is proposed to fully characterize the correlation among different spectral bands and the spatial–contextual information in the scene when conducting feature extraction (FE) from hyperspectral images (HSIs). Specifically, our method first projects the HSI into a subspace, using the maximum noise fraction method. Then, for each test pixel in the subspace, its most similar neighboring pixels (within a local spatial window) are clustered using the cosine distance measurement. The test pixel and its neighbors are used to calculate a local CM for FE purposes. Each nondiagonal entry in the matrix characterizes the correlation between different spectral bands. Finally, these matrices are used as spatial–spectral features and fed to a support vector machine for classification purposes. The proposed method offers a new strategy to characterize the spatial–spectral information in the HSI prior to classification. Experimental results have been conducted using three publicly available hyperspectral data sets for classification, indicating that the proposed method can outperform several state-of-the-art techniques, especially when the training samples available are limited.
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TL;DR: A new spectral–spatial weighted sparse unmixing (S2WSU) framework, which uses both spectral and spatial weighting factors, further imposing sparsity on the solution, is developed.
Abstract: Spectral unmixing aims at estimating the fractional abundances of a set of pure spectral materials (endmembers) in each pixel of a hyperspectral image. The wide availability of large spectral libraries has fostered the role of sparse regression techniques in the task of characterizing mixed pixels in remotely sensed hyperspectral images. A general solution for sparse unmixing methods consists of using the $\ell _{1}$ regularizer to control the sparsity, resulting in a very promising performance but also suffering from sensitivity to large and small sparse coefficients. A recent trend to address this issue is to introduce weighting factors to penalize the nonzero coefficients in the unmixing solution. While most methods for this purpose focus on analyzing the hyperspectral data by considering the pixels as independent entities, it is known that there exists a strong spatial correlation among features in hyperspectral images. This information can be naturally exploited in order to improve the representation of pixels in the scene. In order to take advantage of the spatial information for hyperspectral unmixing, in this paper, we develop a new spectral–spatial weighted sparse unmixing (S2WSU) framework, which uses both spectral and spatial weighting factors, further imposing sparsity on the solution. Our experimental results, conducted using both simulated and real hyperspectral data sets, illustrate the good potential of the proposed S2WSU, which can greatly improve the abundance estimation results when compared with other advanced spectral unmixing methods.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of an excessive number of animals on soil quality and pasture production on privately owned farms dedicated to extensive ranching were analyzed during a period of three years (2008-2011).
Abstract: Soil degradation phenomena, including water erosion and physical and biological processes, have already been reported in rangelands of southwestern Spain. The increasing numbers of livestock since 1986 have been highlighted as one of the key causes. The main goal of this work is to analyse the effects of the excessive number of animals on soil quality and pasture production on privately owned farms dedicated to extensive ranching. Soil properties and surface cover, pasture production, rainfall and land management variables such as livestock density were analysed during a period of 3 years (2008–2011). The study was carried out in 22 livestock enclosures selected from ten farms distributed throughout the Spanish region of Extremadura. The occurrence of bare soil patches and water erosion processes, as well as an increase of mean bulk density in the soil layer from 5 to 10 cm in depth, was observed in the enclosures with animal stocking rates exceeding 1 AU ha−1. Indications that confirm the negative effects of increased bulk density on pasture production and quality were also found. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of psychological ownership as a primary determinant of entrepreneurial orientation in terms of proactiveness, innovativeness and risk taking is emphasized, and the relationship between psychological ownership and entrepreneurial orientation is mediated by knowledge sharing.
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TL;DR: The Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS as mentioned in this paper, UEFISCDI, 2014 project number PN II-RU-TE-2014-4-1093
Abstract: • The Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS – UEFISCDI. Project number PN II-RU-TE-2014-4-1093
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08 May 2018TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a detailed analysis of bandwidth selectors for density estimation using histogram density estimators and kernel density estimation for the MISE Curvature matrix.
Abstract: Preface List of Figures List of Tables List of Algorithms Introduction Exploratory data analysis with density estimation Exploratory data analysis with density derivatives estimation Clustering/Unsupervised learning Classification/Supervised learning Suggestions on how to read this monograph Density estimation Histogram density estimation Kernel density estimation Probability contours as multivariate quantiles Contour colour scales Gains from unconstrained bandwidth matrices Advice for practical bandwidth selection Squared error analysis Asymptotic squared error formulas Optimal bandwidths Convergence of density estimators Further mathematical analysis of density estimators Asymptotic expansion of the MISE Asymptotically optimal bandwidth Vector versus vector half parametrisations Bandwidth selectors for density estimation Normal scale bandwidths Maximal smoothing bandwidths Normal mixture bandwidths Unbiased cross validation bandwidths Biased cross validation bandwidths Plug in bandwidths Smoothed cross validation bandwidths Empirical comparison of bandwidth selectors Theoretical comparison of bandwidth selectors Further mathematical analysis of bandwidth selectors Relative convergence rates of bandwidth selectors Optimal pilot bandwidth selectors Convergence rates with data-based bandwidths Modified density estimation Variable bandwidth density estimators Balloon density estimators Sample point density estimators Bandwidth selectors for variable kernel estimation Transformation density estimators Boundary kernel density estimators Beta boundary kernels Linear boundary kernels Kernel choice Higher order kernels Further mathematical analysis of modified density estimators Asymptotic error for sample point variable bandwidth estimators Asymptotic error for linear boundary estimators Density derivative estimation Kernel density derivative estimators Density gradient estimators Density Hessian estimators General density derivative estimators Gains from unconstrained bandwidth matrices Advice for practical bandwidth selection Empirical comparison of bandwidths of different derivative orders Squared error analysis Bandwidth selection for density derivative estimators Normal scale bandwidths Normal mixture bandwidths Unbiased cross validation bandwidths Plug in bandwidths Smoothed cross validation bandwidths Convergence rates of bandwidth selectors Case study: the normal density Exact MISE Curvature matrix Asymptotic MISE Normal scale bandwidth Asymptotic MSE for curvature estimation Further mathematical analysis Taylor expansions for vector-valued functions Relationship between multivariate normal moments Applications related to density and density derivative estimation Level set estimation Modal region and bump estimation Density support estimation Density-based clustering Stable/unstable manifolds Mean shift clustering Choice of the normalising matrix in the mean shift Density ridge estimation Feature significance Supplementary topics in data analysis Density difference estimation and significance testing Classification Density estimation for data measured with error Classical density deconvolution estimation Weighted density deconvolution estimation Manifold estimation Nearest neighbour estimation Further mathematical analysis Squared error analysis for deconvolution kernel density estimators Optimal selection of the number of nearest neighbours Computational algorithms R implementation Approximate binned estimation Approximate density estimation Approximate density derivative and functional estimation Recursive normal density derivatives Recursive normal functionals Numerical optimisation over matrix spaces
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the structure, components and management practices of ten contrasting high nature and cultural value (HNCV) agroforestry systems distributed across five European bioclimatic regions.
Abstract: Land use systems that integrate woody vegetation with livestock and/or crops and are recognised for their biodiversity and cultural importance can be termed high nature and cultural value (HNCV) agroforestry In this review, based on the literature and stakeholder knowledge, we describe the structure, components and management practices of ten contrasting HNCV agroforestry systems distributed across five European bioclimatic regions We also compile and categorize the ecosystem services provided by these agroforestry systems, following the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services HNCV agroforestry in Europe generally enhances biodiversity and regulating ecosystem services relative to conventional agriculture and forestry These systems can reduce fire risk, compared to conventional forestry, and can increase carbon sequestration, moderate the microclimate, and reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching compared to conventional agriculture However, some of the evidence is location specific and a better geographical coverage is needed to generalize patterns at broader scales Although some traditional practices and products have been abandoned, many of the studied systems continue to provide multiple woody and non-woody plant products and high-quality food from livestock and game Some of the cultural value of these systems can also be captured through tourism and local events However there remains a continual challenge for farmers, landowners and society to fully translate the positive social and environmental impacts of HNCV agroforestry into market prices for the products and services
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TL;DR: A new convolutional generator model is proposed to super-resolve low-resolution (LR) remote sensing data from an unsupervised perspective and is able to initially learn relationships between the LR and HR domains throughout several convolutionals, downsampling, batch normalization, and activation layers.
Abstract: Super-resolution (SR) brings an excellent opportunity to improve a wide range of different remote sensing applications. SR techniques are concerned about increasing the image resolution while providing finer spatial details than those captured by the original acquisition instrument. Therefore, SR techniques are particularly useful to cope with the increasing demand remote sensing imaging applications requiring fine spatial resolution. Even though different machine learning paradigms have been successfully applied in SR, more research is required to improve the SR process without the need of external high-resolution (HR) training examples. This paper proposes a new convolutional generator model to super-resolve low-resolution (LR) remote sensing data from an unsupervised perspective. That is, the proposed generative network is able to initially learn relationships between the LR and HR domains throughout several convolutional, downsampling, batch normalization, and activation layers. Then, the data are symmetrically projected to the target resolution while guaranteeing a reconstruction constraint over the LR input image. An experimental comparison is conducted using 12 different unsupervised SR methods over different test images. Our experiments reveal the potential of the proposed approach to improve the resolution of remote sensing imagery.
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TL;DR: As neuropathic pain could be a consequence of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and endogen antioxidants, antioxidants supplementation may be a treatment option and on balance, antioxidant supplementation would improve the patient's quality of life.
Abstract: Currently, neuropathic pain is an underestimated socioeconomic health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, which incidence may increase in the next years due to chronification of several diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Growing evidence links neuropathic pain present in several disorders (i.e. spinal cord injury, cancer, diabetes and alcoholism) to central sensitization, as a global result of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative and nitrosative stress. Additionally, inflammatory signals and the overload in intracellular calcium ion could be also implicated in this complex network that has not yet been elucidated. Recently, calcium channels namely transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily, including members of the subfamilies A (TRAP1), M (TRPM2 and 7) and V (TRPV1 and 4), have demonstrated to play an important role in the nociception mediated by sensory neurons, including the dorsal root ganglion. Therefore, as neuropathic pain could be a consequence of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and endogen antioxidants, antioxidant supplementation may be a very useful treatment option. This kind of therapy would exert its beneficial action through antioxidant and immunoregulatory functions, optimizing mitochondrial function and even increasing the biogenesis of this vital organelle; on balance, antioxidant supplementation would improve the patient´s quality of life. This review seeks to deepen on current knowledge about neuropathic pain, summarizing clinical conditions and probable causes, the relationship existing between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and TRP channels activation, and scientific evidence related to antioxidant supplementation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the valuation of food products that have local, regional and traditional features through the analysis of specific product categories and studied the possible link between the level of consumer ethnocentrism and the valuation and effective purchase of local-regional-traditional food.
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TL;DR: The current knowledge of ER–mitochondria signaling and the recent evidence concerning damage to this signaling in PD are summarized.
Abstract: Mitochondria form close physical contacts with a specialized domain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). This association constitutes a key signaling hub to regulate several fundamental cellular processes. Alterations in ER-mitochondria signaling have pleiotropic effects on a variety of intracellular events resulting in mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, ER stress and defects in lipid metabolism and autophagy. Intriguingly, many of these cellular processes are perturbed in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, increasing evidence highlights that ER-mitochondria signaling contributes to these diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which effective mechanism-based treatments remain elusive. Several PD-related proteins localize at mitochondria or MAM and have been shown to participate in ER-mitochondria signaling regulation. Likewise, PD-related mutations have been shown to damage this signaling. Could ER-mitochondria associations be the link between pathogenic mechanisms involved in PD, providing a common mechanism? Would this provide a pharmacological target for treating this devastating disease? In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of ER-mitochondria signaling and the recent evidence concerning damage to this signaling in PD.
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TL;DR: A new sparsity-constrained deep NMF with total variation (SDNMF-TV) technique for hyperspectral unmixing, by adopting the concept of deep learning, and enforcing two constraints on the abundance matrix to exploit adequately the spectral and spatial information included in the original hyperspectrals.
Abstract: Hyperspectral unmixing is an important processing step for many hyperspectral applications, mainly including: 1) estimation of pure spectral signatures (endmembers) and 2) estimation of the abundance of each endmember in each pixel of the image. In recent years, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been highly attractive for this purpose due to the nonnegativity constraint that is often imposed in the abundance estimation step. However, most of the existing NMF-based methods only consider the information in a single layer while neglecting the hierarchical features with hidden information. To alleviate such limitation, in this paper, we propose a new sparsity-constrained deep NMF with total variation (SDNMF-TV) technique for hyperspectral unmixing. First, by adopting the concept of deep learning, the NMF algorithm is extended to deep NMF model. The proposed model consists of pretraining stage and fine-tuning stage , where the former pretrains all factors layer by layer and the latter is used to reduce the total reconstruction error. Second, in order to exploit adequately the spectral and spatial information included in the original hyperspectral image, we enforce two constraints on the abundance matrix. Specifically, the $L_{1/2}$ constraint is adopted, since the distribution of each endmember is sparse in the 2-D space. The TV regularizer is further introduced to promote piecewise smoothness in abundance maps. For the optimization of the proposed model, multiplicative update rules are derived using the gradient descent method. The effectiveness and superiority of the SDNMF-TV algorithm are demonstrated by comparing with other unmixing methods on both synthetic and real data sets.
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TL;DR: Results from several investigations suggest that the beneficial effects of balneotherapy and hydrotherapy are consistent with the concept of hormesis, and thus support a role for hormesis in hydrothermal treatments.
Abstract: Balneotherapy is a clinically effective complementary approach in the treatment of low-grade inflammation- and stress-related pathologies. The biological mechanisms by which immersion in mineral-medicinal water and the application of mud alleviate symptoms of several pathologies are still not completely understood, but it is known that neuroendocrine and immunological responses—including both humoral and cell-mediated immunity—to balneotherapy are involved in these mechanisms of effectiveness; leading to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, chondroprotective, and anabolic effects together with neuroendocrine-immune regulation in different conditions. Hormesis can play a critical role in all these biological effects and mechanisms of effectiveness. The hormetic effects of balneotherapy can be related to non-specific factors such as heat—which induces the heat shock response, and therefore the synthesis and release of heat shock proteins—and also to specific biochemical components such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sulfurous water and radon in radioactive water. Results from several investigations suggest that the beneficial effects of balneotherapy and hydrotherapy are consistent with the concept of hormesis, and thus support a role for hormesis in hydrothermal treatments.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the impact of agricultural abandonment in the Mediterranean mountains and found that agricultural abandonment results in a shift in ecosystem evolution due to changes in soil erosion, but little is known a...
Abstract: Land abandonment is widespread in the Mediterranean mountains. The impact of agricultural abandonment results in a shift in ecosystem evolution due to changes in soil erosion, but little is known a...
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Complutense University of Madrid1, University of Extremadura2, University of Seville3, University of Barcelona4, University of Córdoba (Spain)5, Autonomous University of Barcelona6, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón7, University of Alberta8, University of Cantabria9, Spanish National Research Council10, University of Málaga11, Instituto Politécnico Nacional12
TL;DR: It is important to characterize the isolate's phenotypic and genotypic resistance profile, and to receive an empirical treatment which includes active antibiotics, and directed therapy should be adjusted according to susceptibility study results and the severity of the infection.
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University of Maragheh1, Forschungszentrum Jülich2, Agricultural Research Service3, Tarbiat Modares University4, Urmia University5, Hungarian Academy of Sciences6, University of Pannonia7, Environment Agency Abu Dhabi8, Jordan University of Science and Technology9, Claude Bernard University Lyon 110, Federal University of Pernambuco11, University of Tehran12, Makerere University13, University of Paris-Sud14, Institut national de la recherche agronomique15, IFSTTAR16, Free University of Berlin17, Vienna University of Technology18, University of Rostock19, Spanish National Research Council20, University of Valencia21, Plant & Food Research22, Czech Technical University in Prague23, University of Orléans24, Ghent University25, University of Perugia26, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária27, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad28, University of California, Merced29, University of Bonn30, University of Kiel31, University of Newcastle32, Wageningen University and Research Centre33, Isfahan University of Technology34, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur35, Beijing Normal University36, Slovak Academy of Sciences37, Central Arid Zone Research Institute38, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation39, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria40, Université catholique de Louvain41, Texas A&M University42, Aarhus University43, Shiraz University44, University of Kurdistan45, University of Tabriz46, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro47, University of Kassel48, Catholic University of Leuven49, University of Extremadura50, University of Málaga51, University of Trier52, Tottori University53, Seikei University54, New Mexico State University55, Ahmadu Bello University56, University of Twente57, University of Córdoba (Spain)58, University of Zanjan59, Ruhr University Bochum60, Tunceli University61, University of Texas at Austin62, Ludong University63
TL;DR: Rahmati et al. as mentioned in this paper presented and analyzed a novel global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG)database, which covers research from 1976 to late 2017.
Abstract: . In this paper, we present and analyze a novel global database of
soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG)
database. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all
continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality
checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were
digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were
included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and the USA.
In addition to its extensive geographical coverage, the collected
infiltration curves cover research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information
on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use was
gathered along with the infiltration data, making the database valuable for
the development of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating soil hydraulic
properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for
developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information
(clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration
measurements ( ∼ 76%) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes
except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on land use is
available for 76 % of the experimental sites with agricultural land use as
the dominant type ( ∼ 40%). We are convinced that the SWIG database
will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land
surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and
related soil characteristics are provided online in
*.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the
database is for public domain use only and can be copied freely by
referencing it. Supplementary data are available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885492 (Rahmati et al., 2018). Data
quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database.
Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend and update the SWIG database
by uploading new data to it.
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TL;DR: In this article, surveys and sound measurements were carried out simultaneously in different locations of the main green spaces of Caceres city, and the results of this study show that noise satisfaction has the greatest significant relationship with overall satisfaction with green spaces.