University of Gothenburg

About: University of Gothenburg is a education organization based out in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 23855 authors who have published 65241 publications receiving 2606327 citations. The organization is also known as: Göteborg University & Gothenburg University.

Autism: not an extremely rare disorder

Abstract: Objective: To study autism over time in order to ascertain whether there has been an increase in its prevalence in recent years Method: All English language papers on the prevalence of autism were reviewed Ten of the studies retrieved were not used in the final analysis because they did not meet full criteria for inclusion in the review The remaining 20 studies, published between 1966 and 1997, were subdivided into US studies (n = 2) and non-US studies (n= 18), and the latter group was subdivided into four 8-year periods Results: The early studies yielded prevalence rates of under 05 in 1000 children, whereas the later ones showed a mean rate of about 1 in 1000 There was a marked difference in prevalence rates between those studies that included some children born before 1970 (low rates) and those that included only children born in 1970 and after (high rates) This is probably due to the lower rates obtained by use of criteria strictly based on Kanner's description of his syndrome The US studies reported atypically low rates There was a highly significant estimated increase with calendar year in the non-US studies (38%, per year) Conclusion: It is concluded that autism is considerably more common than was previously believed The possible reasons for the higher reported rates are discussed

Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Abstract: Background Targeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty. Methods In an open-label trial with blinded as...

An institutional perspective of accountants' new roles – the interplay of contradictions and praxis

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a flurry of commentaries, mainly in the professional accounting literature, on new business-oriented roles for management accountants. Often premised on the generalisation of survey data, such work undoubtedly provides useful publicity to the underlying trends. However, to date, empirical research into the dynamics of role(s) change in actual organisations is scarce. This paper describes the emergence of new team/process-oriented roles for so-called ‘hybrid’ accountants in the manufacturing division of a multinational pharmaceuticals organisation. Adopting institutional theory, the following provides insight into role(s) change, as processes that encompass both institutional embeddedness and transformational agency. We highlight institutional contradictions that create potential openings for change, and discuss the praxis that underpin when, how and why role(s) change is carved out.

Wind speed climatology and trends for Australia, 1975-2006: Capturing the stilling phenomenon and comparison with near-surface reanalysis output

Abstract: [1] Near-surface wind speeds (u) measured by terrestrial anemometers show declines (a ‘stilling’) at a range of midlatitude sites, but two gridded u datasets (a NCEP/NCAR reanalysis output and a surface-pressure-based u model) have not reproduced the stilling observed at Australian stations. We developed Australia-wide 0.01 resolution daily u grids by interpolating measurements from an expanded anemometer network for 1975–2006. These new grids represented the magnitude and spatialvariability of observed u trends, whereas grids from reanalysis systems (NCEP/NCAR, NCEP/DOE and ERA40) essentially did not, even when minimising the sea-breeze impact. For these new grids, the Australianaveraged u trend for 1975–2006 was 0.009 m s 1 a 1 (agreeing with earlier site-based studies) with stilling over 88% of the land-surface. This new dataset can be used in numerous environmental applications, including benchmarking general circulation models to improve the representation of key parameters that govern u estimation. The methodology implemented here can be applied globally. Citation: McVicar, T. R., T. G. Van Niel, L. T. Li, M. L. Roderick, D. P. Rayner, L. Ricciardulli, and R. J. Donohue (2008), Wind speed climatology and trends for Australia, 1975 – 2006: Capturing the stilling phenomenon and comparison with near-surface reanalysis output, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20403,

The accessory gene regulator (agr) controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence in a murine arthritis model.

Abstract: We have studied the role of the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus aureus as a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. At least 15 genes coding for potential virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus are regulated by a putative multicomponent signal transduction system encoded by the agr/hld locus. agr and hld mutants show a decreased synthesis of extracellular toxins and enzymes, such as alpha-, beta-, and delta-hemolysin, leucocidin, lipase, hyaluronate lyase, and proteases, and at the same time an increased synthesis of coagulase and protein A as compared with the wild-type counterpart. We have used a recently described murine model of S. aureus-induced arthritis to study the virulence of S. aureus 8325-4 and two agr/hld mutants derived from it. Sixty percent of the mice injected with the wild-type strain developed arthritis, whereas agrA and hld mutants displayed joint involvement in only 10 and 30%, respectively. In addition, 40% of the mice inoculated with the wild-type strain displayed an erosive arthropathy; such changes were not detectable at all in mice inoculated with the agrA mutant. Serum levels of interleukin-6, a potent B-cell differentiation factor, were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the mice inoculated with the wild-type strain than in those inoculated with the agrA mutant counterpart. Overall, our results suggest that the agr system of S. aureus is an important virulence determinant in the induction and progression of septic arthritis in mice.