Institution
University of Gothenburg
Education•Gothenburg, Sweden•
About: University of Gothenburg is a education organization based out in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 23855 authors who have published 65241 publications receiving 2606327 citations. The organization is also known as: Göteborg University & Gothenburg University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is indicated that risk variants for psychiatric disorders aggregate in particular biological pathways and that these pathways are frequently shared between disorders.
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple immune and neuronal signaling pathways and with the postsynaptic density. Our study indicates that risk variants for psychiatric disorders aggregate in particular biological pathways and that these pathways are frequently shared between disorders. Our results confirm known mechanisms and suggest several novel insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
630 citations
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TL;DR: The supply of blood donors decreases by almost half when a monetary payment is introduced, and there is also a significant effect of allowing individuals to donate the payment to charity, and this effect fully counteracts the crowding-out effect.
Abstract: In his seminal 1970 book, The Gift Relationship, Richard Titmuss argued that monetary compensation for donating blood might crowd out the supply of blood donors. To test this claim we carried out a field experiment with three different treatments. In the first treatment subjects were given the opportunity to become blood donors without any compensation. In the second treatment subjects received a payment of SEK 50 (about $7) for becoming blood donors, and in the third treatment subjects could choose between a SEK 50 payment and donating SEK 50 to charity. The results differ markedly between men and women. For men the supply of blood donors is not significantly different among the three experimental groups. For women there is a significant crowding-out effect. The supply of blood donors decreases by almost half when a monetary payment is introduced. There is also a significant effect of allowing individuals to donate the payment to charity, and this effect fully counteracts the crowding-out effect. (JEL: C93, D64, I18, Z13)
630 citations
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TL;DR: It is proposed that the metabolic effect of insulin resistance, partly mediated by depressed plasma adiponectin levels, increases fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to the liver and induces the accumulation of fat in the liver, resulting in overproduction of VLDL1 particles and leading to the characteristic dyslipidaemia associated with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis
We determined whether hepatic fat content and plasma adiponectin concentration regulate VLDL1 production.
629 citations
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University of Cambridge1, University of Bristol2, University of Eastern Finland3, University of Helsinki4, University of Gothenburg5, University of Lille Nord de France6, Laval University7, Harvard University8, University of Edinburgh9, University of Sheffield10, Stanford University11, Uppsala University12, University of Pennsylvania13, Karolinska Institutet14, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University15, University of Birmingham16, University of Michigan17, Technische Universität München18, Utrecht University19, University of Amsterdam20, University of Iceland21, National Institute for Health and Welfare22, National Institutes of Health23, Imperial College London24, Copenhagen University Hospital25, University of Copenhagen26, Clinical Trial Service Unit27, National Institute for Health Research28, deCODE genetics29, University of Oxford30
TL;DR: In this article, a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling was studied to assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, and Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking.
Abstract: Background Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
628 citations
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel1, University of Copenhagen2, University of Gothenburg3, New York University4, University of Pennsylvania5, Wageningen University and Research Centre6, University of Helsinki7, King's College London8, Institut national de la recherche agronomique9, University of Maryland, Baltimore10, Waseda University11, Harvard University12, University College Cork13, University of Minnesota14, University of Texas at Austin15, University of Warwick16, Stanford University17, Veterans Health Administration18, ETH Zurich19, Shanghai Jiao Tong University20, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven21, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine22, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit23
TL;DR: The concept of enterotypes and their use to characterize the gut microbiome are debated, a classifier and standardized methodology is provided to aid cross-study comparisons, and a balanced application of the concept is encouraged.
Abstract: Population stratification is a useful approach for a better understanding of complex biological problems in human health and wellbeing. The proposal that such stratification applies to the human gut microbiome, in the form of distinct community composition types termed enterotypes, has been met with both excitement and controversy. In view of accumulated data and re-analyses since the original work, we revisit the concept of enterotypes, discuss different methods of dividing up the landscape of possible microbiome configurations, and put these concepts into functional, ecological and medical contexts. As enterotypes are of use in describing the gut microbial community landscape and may become relevant in clinical practice, we aim to reconcile differing views and encourage a balanced application of the concept.
622 citations
Authors
Showing all 24120 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Luigi Ferrucci | 193 | 1601 | 181199 |
Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
Napoleone Ferrara | 167 | 494 | 140647 |
Timothy A. Springer | 167 | 669 | 122421 |
Anders Björklund | 165 | 769 | 84268 |
Hua Zhang | 163 | 1503 | 116769 |
Kaj Blennow | 160 | 1845 | 116237 |
Leif Groop | 158 | 919 | 136056 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
Johan G. Eriksson | 156 | 1257 | 123325 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Paul Elliott | 153 | 773 | 103839 |
Claude Bouchard | 153 | 1076 | 115307 |
Hakon Hakonarson | 152 | 968 | 101604 |