Institution
University of Gothenburg
Education•Gothenburg, Sweden•
About: University of Gothenburg is a education organization based out in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 23855 authors who have published 65241 publications receiving 2606327 citations. The organization is also known as: Göteborg University & Gothenburg University.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the similarity of different industries' human capital or skill requirements is quantified by using information on cross-industry labor flows, which can be used to identify skill relatedness, because individuals changing jobs will likely remain in industries that value the skills associated with their previous work.
Abstract: Because of the importance of human capital, a firm's choice of diversification targets will depend on whether these targets offer opportunities for leveraging existing human resources. We propose to quantify the similarity of different industries' human capital or skill requirements, that is, the industries' skill relatedness, by using information on cross-industry labor flows. Labor flows among industries can be used to identify skill relatedness, because individuals changing jobs will likely remain in industries that value the skills associated with their previous work. Estimates show that firms are far more likely to diversify into industries that have ties to the firms' core activities in terms of our skill-relatedness measure than into industries without such ties or into industries that are linked by value chain linkages or by classification-based relatedness. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
384 citations
National Institutes of Health1, University of Amsterdam2, Uppsala University3, University of Gothenburg4, Innsbruck Medical University5, University of Padua6, Semmelweis University7, Maastricht University8, University of Turin9, University of Foggia10, University of Parma11, Radboud University Nijmegen12, Erasmus University Rotterdam13, Paris Descartes University14, Maastricht University Medical Centre15, University of Manchester16, Fraunhofer Society17, Hochschule Hannover18, Philips19, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens20, University of Tampere21, Karolinska Institutet22, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart23, Università Campus Bio-Medico24, Friedrich Loeffler Institute25, European Respiratory Society26
TL;DR: Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice, and highlighting future research priorities in the field.
Abstract: Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (FENO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for FENO, official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and FENO, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management. Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members. Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised. Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.
384 citations
TL;DR: The acute effect of smoking and snuffing on insulin sensitivity was studied in a group of healthy habitual smokers and showed no change in insulin sensitivity in either smoker or non-smokers.
Abstract: . Objectives. The acute effect of smoking and snuffing on insulin sensitivity was studied in a group of healthy habitual smokers.
Design The euglycaemic clamp technique was combined with the subcutaneous injection of a bolus (0.1 U kg−1) of fast-acting insulin (Actrapid®). Randomized subjects smoked either one cigarette per hour for 6 h, took one bag-packed snuff per hour for 6 h or refrained from nicotine for 48 h before as well as during the clamp.
Subjects. Seven healthy smokers, four females and three males, of normal weight (BMI, mean ± SKM. 21 ± 0.7 kg m−2 with a range of 18.6–23.9), aged 31 ± 2 years (range 24–35 years), who had consumed at least 20 cigarettes per day for at least 5 years were studied. They were recruited through an advertisement in a newspaper. Results. The steady-state plasma nicotine levels were similar during smoking and snuffing. The insulin and glucose levels were also similar during all three clamps. Smoking, but not snuffing, impaired insulin action (P < 0.05) mainly due to a lower peripheral glucose uptake. The mean growth hormone levels during the 6-h study were more than doubled during smoking (P < 0.01) while no significant differences were seen in the other counter-regulatory hormones.
Conclusion. Smoking (also in habitual smokers) acutely impairs insulin action and leads to insulin resistance. Thus, smoking can be of importance for the development of the insulin resistance syndrome associated with risk for cardiovascular disease.
383 citations
Vanderbilt University1, Shizuoka University2, Arizona State University3, University of Oxford4, University of Gothenburg5, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University6, Imperial College London7, McMaster University8, Institute of Science and Technology Austria9, University of Groningen10, Aarhus University11, University of Maryland, College Park12, University of Colorado Boulder13, University of California, Irvine14, University of Exeter15, University of Lausanne16, University of New Mexico17, University of Cambridge18, Australian National University19, University of Houston20, University of Edinburgh21, University of California, Santa Barbara22, Princeton University23, University of Chicago24, Montana State University25, Simon Fraser University26, Villanova University27, Queen's University28, Cornell University29, University of Louisville30, United States Department of Agriculture31, École Normale Supérieure32, University of Sussex33, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich34, University of Kentucky35, Flinders University36, Michigan State University37, Georgia Institute of Technology38, University of California, Davis39, Pennsylvania State University40, University of Toronto41, University of Sheffield42, University of Regensburg43, University of Helsinki44, University of Vermont45, VU University Amsterdam46, University of Osnabrück47, Harvard University48, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology49, University of Copenhagen50, Royal Holloway, University of London51, University of California, Santa Cruz52, University of Arizona53, University of Oklahoma54, University of Texas at Austin55, University of Strasbourg56, University of Bristol57, University of Liverpool58, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill59, Rice University60, University of Zurich61, University College London62, Newcastle University63, James Cook University64, University of Montpellier65, University of North Carolina at Greensboro66, University of California, Riverside67, ETH Zurich68, University of St Andrews69, William Paterson University70, University of Michigan71, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign72, University of Bern73, University of Western Ontario74, University of California, Berkeley75, University of the Ryukyus76, University of Florence77, University of Tennessee78, North Carolina State University79, Humboldt University of Berlin80, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven81, Smithsonian Institution82, University of Nevada, Reno83, San Francisco State University84
TL;DR: It is argued that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explained the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality, but these arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature.
Abstract: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the current understanding of the roles of the environment, including antibiotic pollution, in resistance evolution, in transmission and as a mere reflection of the regional antibiotic resistance situation in the clinic.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge, involving the transfer of bacteria and genes between humans, animals and the environment. Although multiple barriers restrict the flow of both bacteria and genes, pathogens recurrently acquire new resistance factors from other species, thereby reducing our ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Evolutionary events that lead to the emergence of new resistance factors in pathogens are rare and challenging to predict, but may be associated with vast ramifications. Transmission events of already widespread resistant strains are, on the other hand, common, quantifiable and more predictable, but the consequences of each event are limited. Quantifying the pathways and identifying the drivers of and bottlenecks for environmental evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance are key components to understand and manage the resistance crisis as a whole. In this Review, we present our current understanding of the roles of the environment, including antibiotic pollution, in resistance evolution, in transmission and as a mere reflection of the regional antibiotic resistance situation in the clinic. We provide a perspective on current evidence, describe risk scenarios, discuss methods for surveillance and the assessment of potential drivers, and finally identify some actions to mitigate risks.
383 citations
Authors
Showing all 24120 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
| Luigi Ferrucci | 193 | 1601 | 181199 |
| Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
| Napoleone Ferrara | 167 | 494 | 140647 |
| Timothy A. Springer | 167 | 669 | 122421 |
| Anders Björklund | 165 | 769 | 84268 |
| Hua Zhang | 163 | 1503 | 116769 |
| Kaj Blennow | 160 | 1845 | 116237 |
| Leif Groop | 158 | 919 | 136056 |
| Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
| Johan G. Eriksson | 156 | 1257 | 123325 |
| Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
| Paul Elliott | 153 | 773 | 103839 |
| Claude Bouchard | 153 | 1076 | 115307 |
| Hakon Hakonarson | 152 | 968 | 101604 |