Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Education•Brussels, Belgium•
About: Vrije Universiteit Brussel is a education organization based out in Brussels, Belgium. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 14295 authors who have published 38258 publications receiving 1203970 citations. The organization is also known as: VUB.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Large Hadron Collider, Palliative care, Computer science
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This work introduces a novel architecture that reduces the usually required large number of elements to a single nonlinear node with delayed feedback and proves that delay-dynamical systems, even in their simplest manifestation, can perform efficient information processing.
Abstract: Novel methods for information processing are highly desired in our information-driven society. Inspired by the brain's ability to process information, the recently introduced paradigm known as 'reservoir computing' shows that complex networks can efficiently perform computation. Here we introduce a novel architecture that reduces the usually required large number of elements to a single nonlinear node with delayed feedback. Through an electronic implementation, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate excellent performance in a speech recognition benchmark. Complementary numerical studies also show excellent performance for a time series prediction benchmark. These results prove that delay-dynamical systems, even in their simplest manifestation, can perform efficient information processing. This finding paves the way to feasible and resource-efficient technological implementations of reservoir computing.
1,121 citations
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Old Dominion University1, University of Plymouth2, The Nature Conservancy3, University of Queensland4, Harvard University5, University of Tasmania6, New England Wild Flower Society7, University of the Philippines Los Baños8, Annamalai University9, Vrije Universiteit Brussel10, Tohoku Gakuin University11, University of New Hampshire12, Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Forestry13, Universiti Sains Malaysia14, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center15, Central Luzon State University16, Indonesian Institute of Sciences17, Shandong University18, Nanyang Technological University19
TL;DR: Across the globe, mangrove species found primarily in the high intertidal and upstream estuarine zones are the most threatened because they are often the first cleared for development of aquaculture and agriculture.
Abstract: Mangrove species are uniquely adapted to tropical and subtropical coasts, and although relatively low in number of species, mangrove forests provide at least US $1.6 billion each year in ecosystem services and support coastal livelihoods worldwide. Globally, mangrove areas are declining rapidly as they are cleared for coastal development and aquaculture and logged for timber and fuel production. Little is known about the effects of mangrove area loss on individual mangrove species and local or regional populations. To address this gap, species-specific information on global distribution, population status, life history traits, and major threats were compiled for each of the 70 known species of mangroves. Each species' probability of extinction was assessed under the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Eleven of the 70 mangrove species (16%) are at elevated threat of extinction. Particular areas of geographical concern include the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Central America, where as many as 40% of mangroves species present are threatened with extinction. Across the globe, mangrove species found primarily in the high intertidal and upstream estuarine zones, which often have specific freshwater requirements and patchy distributions, are the most threatened because they are often the first cleared for development of aquaculture and agriculture. The loss of mangrove species will have devastating economic and environmental consequences for coastal communities, especially in those areas with low mangrove diversity and high mangrove area or species loss. Several species at high risk of extinction may disappear well before the next decade if existing protective measures are not enforced.
1,108 citations
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TL;DR: These findings highlight the relevance of classical concepts from the physics of polymeric phase transitions for understanding the assembly of intracellular membrane-less compartments, and challenge the challenge of applying these concepts given the heteropolymeric nature of protein sequences, the complex intrACEllular environment, and non-equilibrium features intrinsic to cells.
Abstract: Intracellular organelles are either membrane-bound vesicles or membrane-less compartments that are made up of proteins and RNA. These organelles play key biological roles, by compartmentalizing the cell to enable spatiotemporal control of biological reactions. Recent studies suggest that membrane-less intracellular compartments are multicomponent viscous liquid droplets that form via phase separation. Proteins that have an intrinsic tendency for being conformationally heterogeneous seem to be the main drivers of liquid–liquid phase separation in the cell. These findings highlight the relevance of classical concepts from the physics of polymeric phase transitions for understanding the assembly of intracellular membrane-less compartments. However, applying these concepts is challenging, given the heteropolymeric nature of protein sequences, the complex intracellular environment, and non-equilibrium features intrinsic to cells. This provides new opportunities for adapting established theories and for the emergence of new physics. The internal structure of cells is organized into compartments, many of which lack a confining membrane and instead resemble viscous liquid droplets. Evidence is mounting that these compartments form via spontaneous phase transitions. The internal structure of cells is organized into compartments, many of which lack a confining membrane and instead resemble viscous liquid droplets. Evidence is mounting that these compartments form via spontaneous phase transitions.
1,089 citations
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University of Düsseldorf1, Goethe University Frankfurt2, Vrije Universiteit Brussel3, University of Freiburg4, Leipzig University5, Dow Chemical Company6, University of Tübingen7, Durham University8, University of Turin9, Seoul National University10, University of Jena11, Charité12, University of Valencia13, Heidelberg University14, French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation15, University of Paris16, University of Liverpool17, University of Groningen18, Lund University19, University of Manchester20, South Valley University21, University Hospital Regensburg22, Merck KGaA23, Musashino University24, University of Kansas25, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich26, Fresenius Medical Care27, University of Regensburg28, Merck & Co.29
TL;DR: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro and how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes.
Abstract: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
1,085 citations
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TL;DR: Older adults have a 5- to 8-fold increased risk for all-cause mortality during the first 3 months after hip fracture, and excess annual mortality after hip fractures is higher in men than in women.
Abstract: Interest is increasing in quantifying the magnitude and duration of excess mortality after hip fractures for use in cost-effectiveness analyses of strategies for hip fracture prevention (1-3). Although an increased risk for death after hip fracture is well established in both women and men, it is unclear whether this excess mortality persists over time (4).
Although almost all studies have reported an increased risk for death in the first 3 to 6 months after injury, results from long-term (5- to 10-year) follow-up have been conflicting, with some studies finding persistent excess mortality and others finding none (5-8). These conflicting results have several potential causes, including differences in control populations, difficulties in comparing crude and adjusted mortality statistics, and differences in model covariates (4-6, 9-16). At longer follow-up, the number of patients at risk and therefore the number of events (deaths) provide limited statistical power (17). An additional source of variability occurs in time-to-event (survival) analyses when the mortality risk is not constant over time and follow-up varies across the cohorts (17, 18). Because of these factors, reported hazard estimates are varied and have wide CIs, limiting any inferences physicians or public health policymakers can make. Further drawbacks include limited sample size, low frequency of observations, lack of stratification by sex, and reporting relative rather than absolute risks (17, 19, 20).
We summarize longitudinal evidence about the magnitude and duration of excess mortality after hip fracture in older men and women.
1,084 citations
Authors
Showing all 14460 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
Christopher M. Dobson | 150 | 1008 | 105475 |
Dario Bisello | 140 | 2005 | 107859 |
Giorgio Maggi | 135 | 1323 | 90270 |
Jörg P. Rachen | 133 | 400 | 94766 |
Pascal Vanlaer | 133 | 1270 | 91850 |
Freya Blekman | 133 | 1388 | 89808 |
Jorgen D'Hondt | 132 | 1257 | 89685 |
Tae Jeong Kim | 132 | 1420 | 93959 |
Xavier Janssen | 132 | 1309 | 86860 |
Matthias Ulrich Mozer | 131 | 1185 | 87709 |
Valery Zhukov | 129 | 1255 | 83330 |
Stephanie Beauceron | 129 | 1213 | 86374 |
Steven Lowette | 128 | 1094 | 78876 |
Yen-Jie Lee | 128 | 1247 | 82542 |