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Actions of Caffeine in the Brain with Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use
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Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world and almost all caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food).Abstract:
Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world. Almost all caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food), most of it from coffee and tea. Acute and, especially, chronic caffeine intake appear to have only minor negative consequences on health. For thisread more
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International Union of Pharmacology. XXV. Nomenclature and Classification of Adenosine Receptors
TL;DR: Experiments with receptor antagonists and mice with targeted disruption of adenosine A(1), A(2A), and A(3) expression reveal roles for these receptors under physiological and particularly pathophysiological conditions.
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The Role and Regulation of Adenosine in the Central Nervous System
TL;DR: A role for adenosine in a diverse array of neural phenomena, which include regulation of sleep and the level of arousal, neuroprotection, regulation of seizure susceptibility, locomotor effects, analgesia, mediation of the effects of ethanol, and chronic drug use, is established.
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Control of Sleep and Wakefulness
TL;DR: Genetic studies suggest that brain mechanisms controlling waking and NREM sleep are strongly conserved throughout evolution, underscoring their enormous importance for brain function.
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The neurobiology and control of anxious states
TL;DR: The present article focuses in particular upon the multifarious and complex roles of individual modulators, often as a function of the specific receptor type and neuronal substrate involved in their actions; novel targets for the management of anxiety disorders; the influence of neurotransmitters and other agents upon performance in the VCT; data acquired from complementary pharmacological and genetic strategies and, finally, several open questions likely to orientate future experimental- and clinical-research.
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A2A adenosine receptor protects tumors from antitumor T cells
Akio Ohta,Elieser Gorelik,Simon J. Prasad,Franca Ronchese,Dmitriy Lukashev,Dmitriy Lukashev,Michael K.K. Wong,Michael K.K. Wong,Xiaojun Huang,Sheila A. Caldwell,Kebin Liu,Kebin Liu,Patrick F. Smith,Jiang-Fan Chen,Edwin K. Jackson,Sergey Apasov,Scott I. Abrams,Michail V. Sitkovsky,Michail V. Sitkovsky +18 more
TL;DR: Although using the hypoxia→adenosine→A2AR pathway inhibitors may improve antitumor immunity, the recruitment of this pathway by selective drugs is expected to attenuate the autoimmune tissue damage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine on scheduled controlled responding in rats.
TL;DR: Daily caffeine injections resulted in the development of caffeine tolerance, characterized by a 6 fold shift to the right in the caffeine dose‐effect curve Saline substitution for the 32.0 mg/kg caffeine maintenance dose resulted in a substantial decrease in responding.
Role of adenosine in sleep in rats.
TL;DR: REM sleep deprivation significantly increased the number of A1 receptors (Bmax) in cerebral cortex and corpus striatum which correlates with the increased pressure for REM sleep and the onset of REM sleep rebound, indicating a role for adenosine in the regulation of sleep and, in contrast to barbiturate and benzodiazepine hypnotics, increase in behaviorally deep and REM sleep.
Journal Article
Multiple mechanisms for desensitization of A2a adenosine receptor-mediated cAMP elevation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells
TL;DR: The data suggest that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase after short-term agonist treatment, down-regulation of Gs alpha protein level after long-term painkiller treatment, and activation of PDE after long -term agonists treatment account for desensitization of the A2a-mediated response in PC12 cells.
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Effects of adenosine analogs on rat cerebral cortical neurons
J.W. Phillis,J.P. Edstrom +1 more
TL;DR: Intracellular recordings show that 5'-AMP hyperpolarizes cerebral cortical neurons and suppresses spontaneous and evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials, in the absense of any pronounced alterations in membrane resistance.
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High basal expression of the Full-size image (<1 K) immediate early gene in cortical layers IV and VI, in CA1 and in the corpus striatum - an in situ hybridization study.
TL;DR: The localization of zif/268 gene expression in adult rat and mouse brain was studied with in the situ hybridization, using 32P-labeled 30 mer oligonucleotide probes to identify layer specific expression and distribution was highly differential.