Air pollution–aerosol interactions produce more bioavailable iron for ocean ecosystems
Weijun Li,Liang Xu,Xiaohuan Liu,Jianchao Zhang,Yangting Lin,Xiaohong Yao,Huiwang Gao,Daizhou Zhang,Jianmin Chen,Wenxing Wang,Roy M. Harrison,Xiaoye Zhang,Longyi Shao,Pingqing Fu,Athanasios Nenes,Zongbo Shi +15 more
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TLDR
Single-particle chemical analysis for hundreds of individual atmospheric particles collected over the East China Sea shows that Fe-rich particles from coal combustion and steel industries were coated with thick layers of sulfate after 1 to 2 days of atmospheric residence, providing the “smoking gun” for acid iron dissolution.Abstract:
It has long been hypothesized that acids formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions dissolve iron (Fe) in airborne particles, enhancing the supply of bioavailable Fe to the oceans. However, field observations have yet to provide indisputable evidence to confirm this hypothesis. Single-particle chemical analysis for hundreds of individual atmospheric particles collected over the East China Sea shows that Fe-rich particles from coal combustion and steel industries were coated with thick layers of sulfate after 1 to 2 days of atmospheric residence. The Fe in aged particles was present as a "hotspot" of (insoluble) iron oxides and throughout the acidic sulfate coating in the form of (soluble) Fe sulfate, which increases with degree of aging (thickness of coating). This provides the "smoking gun" for acid iron dissolution, because iron sulfate was not detected in the freshly emitted particles and there is no other source or mechanism of iron sulfate formation in the atmosphere.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds
Havala O. T. Pye,Athanasios Nenes,Becky Alexander,Andrew P. Ault,Mary C. Barth,Simon L. Clegg,Jeffrey L. Collett,Kathleen M. Fahey,Christopher J. Hennigan,Hartmut Herrmann,Maria Kanakidou,James T. Kelly,I-Ting Ku,V. Faye McNeill,Nicole Riemer,Thomas Schaefer,Guo-Liang Shi,Andreas Tilgner,John T. Walker,Tao Wang,Rodney J. Weber,Jia Xing,Rahul A. Zaveri,Andreas Zuend +23 more
TL;DR: This paper reviews and synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric condensed phases, specifically particles and cloud droplets, including recommendations for estimating acidity and pH, standard nomenclature, a synthesis of current pH estimates based on observations, and new model calculations on the local and global scale.
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Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China
Mingxu Liu,Yu Song,Tian Zhou,Zhenying Xu,Caiqing Yan,Mei Zheng,Zhijun Wu,Min Hu,Yusheng Wu,Tong Zhu +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, simultaneous 1-h measurements of particulate and gaseous compositions along with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model were used to study aerosol acidity during severe haze episodes in northern China.
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Fine particle pH and gas–particle phase partitioning of inorganic species in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign
Hongyu Guo,Jiumeng Liu,Jiumeng Liu,Karl D. Froyd,Karl D. Froyd,James M. Roberts,Patrick R. Veres,Patrick R. Veres,Patrick L. Hayes,Patrick L. Hayes,Patrick L. Hayes,Jose L. Jimenez,Jose L. Jimenez,Athanasios Nenes,Rodney J. Weber +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model to predict PM1 and PM2 pH and water were calculated based on data from measurements during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study from 15, May to 15, June, 2010 in Pasadena, CA.
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pH of Aerosols in a Polluted Atmosphere: Source Contributions to Highly Acidic Aerosol
Guo-Liang Shi,Guo-Liang Shi,Jiao Xu,Xing Peng,Zhimei Xiao,Kui Chen,Ying-Ze Tian,Xinbei Guan,Yinchang Feng,Haofei Yu,Athanasios Nenes,Armistead G. Russell +11 more
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TL;DR: The results explain the outstanding sulfur problem during the historic London Fog formation and elucidate the chemical mechanism of severe haze in China, and suggest that effective haze mitigation is achievable by intervening in the sulfate formation process with NH3 and NO2 emission control measures.
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