An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5
Eduardo Bañados,Bram Venemans,Chiara Mazzucchelli,Emanuele Paolo Farina,Fabian Walter,Feige Wang,Roberto Decarli,Roberto Decarli,Daniel Stern,Xiaohui Fan,Frederick B. Davies,Joseph F. Hennawi,Robert A. Simcoe,Monica L. Turner,Monica L. Turner,Hans-Walter Rix,Jinyi Yang,Daniel D. Kelson,Gwen C. Rudie,Jan Martin Winters +19 more
TLDR
Strong evidence of absorption of the spectrum of the quasar redwards of the Lyman α emission line (the Gunn–Peterson damping wing), as would be expected if a significant amount of the hydrogen in the intergalactic medium surrounding J1342 + 0928 is neutral, and a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen is derived, although the exact fraction depends on the modelling.Abstract:
Observations of a quasar at redshift 7.54, when the Universe was just five per cent of its current age, suggest that the Universe was significantly neutral at this epoch. Despite extensive searches, only one quasar has been known at redshifts greater than 7, at 7.09. Eduardo Banados and colleagues report observations of a quasar at a redshift of 7.54, when the Universe was just 690 million years old, with a black-hole mass 800 million times the mass of the Sun. The spectrum shows that the quasar's Lyman α emission is being substantially absorbed by an intergalactic medium containing significantly neutral hydrogen, indicating that reionization was not complete at that epoch. Quasars are the most luminous non-transient objects known and as a result they enable studies of the Universe at the earliest cosmic epochs. Despite extensive efforts, however, the quasar ULAS J1120 + 0641 at redshift z = 7.09 has remained the only one known at z > 7 for more than half a decade1. Here we report observations of the quasar ULAS J134208.10 + 092838.61 (hereafter J1342 + 0928) at redshift z = 7.54. This quasar has a bolometric luminosity of 4 × 1013 times the luminosity of the Sun and a black-hole mass of 8 × 108 solar masses. The existence of this supermassive black hole when the Universe was only 690 million years old—just five per cent of its current age—reinforces models of early black-hole growth that allow black holes with initial masses of more than about 104 solar masses2,3 or episodic hyper-Eddington accretion4,5. We see strong evidence of absorption of the spectrum of the quasar redwards of the Lyman α emission line (the Gunn–Peterson damping wing), as would be expected if a significant amount (more than 10 per cent) of the hydrogen in the intergalactic medium surrounding J1342 + 0928 is neutral. We derive such a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen, although the exact fraction depends on the modelling. However, even in our most conservative analysis we find a fraction of more than 0.33 (0.11) at 68 per cent (95 per cent) probability, indicating that we are probing well within the reionization epoch of the Universe.read more
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Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
Nabila Aghanim,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,M. Ashdown,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,N. Bartolo,N. Bartolo,S. Basak,Richard A. Battye,K. Benabed,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,James J. Bock,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,M. Bucher,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,Julien Carron,Anthony Challinor,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,Jens Chluba,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,D. Contreras,B. P. Crill,F. Cuttaia,P. de Bernardis,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,E. Di Valentino,Jose M. Diego,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,A. Ducout,X. Dupac,S. Dusini,George Efstathiou,Franz Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,Yabebal Fantaye,Yabebal Fantaye,Marzieh Farhang,James R. Fergusson,R. Fernandez-Cobos,Fabio Finelli,Francesco Forastieri,M. Frailis,A. A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Martina Gerbino,Tuhin Ghosh,Tuhin Ghosh,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jan Hamann,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Zhiqi Huang,Andrew H. Jaffe,W. C. Jones,A. Karakci,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,K. Kiiveri,J. Kim,Theodore Kisner,Lloyd Knox,Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,Mario G. Lattanzi,Charles R. Lawrence,M. Le Jeune,P. Lemos,Julien Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Lilley,V. Lindholm,V. Lindholm,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,G. Maggio,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,A. Marcos-Caballero,M. Maris,Peter G. Martin,Matteo Martinelli,E. Martínez-González,Sabino Matarrese,Sabino Matarrese,N. Mauri,Jason D. McEwen,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,A. Mennella,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Subhabrata Mitra,Subhabrata Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,Diego Molinari,Diego Molinari,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Adam Moss,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,L. Pagano,L. Pagano,D. Paoletti,Bruce Partridge,G. Patanchon,Hiranya V. Peiris,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,L. Polastri,G. Polenta,J.-L. Puget,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,A. Renzi,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,B. Ruiz-Granados,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,Douglas Scott,E. P. S. Shellard,C. Sirignano,C. Sirignano,G. Sirri,Locke D. Spencer,R. A. Sunyaev,R. A. Sunyaev,A.-S. Suur-Uski,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,M. Tenti,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tomasi,Tiziana Trombetti,Luca Valenziano,J. Valiviita,J. Valiviita,B. Van Tent,L. Vibert,L. Vibert,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Martin White,Simon D. M. White,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +232 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present cosmological parameter results from the full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
Nabila Aghanim,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,M. Ashdown,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,N. Bartolo,N. Bartolo,S. Basak,Richard A. Battye,K. Benabed,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,James J. Bock,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,M. Bucher,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,Julien Carron,Anthony Challinor,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,Jens Chluba,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,D. Contreras,B. P. Crill,F. Cuttaia,P. de Bernardis,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,E. Di Valentino,Jose M. Diego,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,A. Ducout,X. Dupac,S. Dusini,George Efstathiou,Franz Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,Yabebal Fantaye,Yabebal Fantaye,Marzieh Farhang,James R. Fergusson,R. Fernandez-Cobos,Fabio Finelli,Francesco Forastieri,M. Frailis,A. A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Martina Gerbino,Tuhin Ghosh,Tuhin Ghosh,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jan Hamann,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Zhiqi Huang,Andrew H. Jaffe,W. C. Jones,A. Karakci,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,K. Kiiveri,J. Kim,Theodore Kisner,Lloyd Knox,Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,Mario G. Lattanzi,Charles R. Lawrence,M. Le Jeune,P. Lemos,Julien Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Lilley,V. Lindholm,V. Lindholm,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,G. Maggio,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,A. Marcos-Caballero,M. Maris,Peter G. Martin,Matteo Martinelli,E. Martínez-González,Sabino Matarrese,Sabino Matarrese,N. Mauri,Jason D. McEwen,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,A. Mennella,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Subhabrata Mitra,Subhabrata Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,Diego Molinari,Diego Molinari,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Adam Moss,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,L. Pagano,L. Pagano,D. Paoletti,Bruce Partridge,G. Patanchon,Hiranya V. Peiris,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,L. Polastri,G. Polenta,J.-L. Puget,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,A. Renzi,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,B. Ruiz-Granados,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,Douglas Scott,E. P. S. Shellard,C. Sirignano,C. Sirignano,G. Sirri,Locke D. Spencer,R. A. Sunyaev,R. A. Sunyaev,A.-S. Suur-Uski,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,M. Tenti,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tomasi,Tiziana Trombetti,Luca Valenziano,J. Valiviita,J. Valiviita,B. Van Tent,L. Vibert,L. Vibert,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Martin White,Simon D. M. White,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +232 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the CMB anisotropies were presented, with good consistency with the standard spatially-flat 6-parameter CDM cosmology having a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations from polarization, temperature, and lensing separately and in combination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
Nabila Aghanim,Yashar Akrami,Yashar Akrami,Frederico Arroja,M. Ashdown,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,Mario Ballardini,Mario Ballardini,A. J. Banday,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,Nicola Bartolo,Nicola Bartolo,Soumen Basak,Richard A. Battye,K. Benabed,J.-P. Bernard,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,P. Bielewicz,J. J. Bock,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,F. Boulanger,M. Bucher,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,Jean-François Cardoso,Julien Carron,B. Casaponsa,Anthony Challinor,H. C. Chiang,H. C. Chiang,L. P. L. Colombo,C. Combet,D. Contreras,B. P. Crill,F. Cuttaia,P. de Bernardis,G. de Zotti,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,F.-X. Désert,E. Di Valentino,Clive Dickinson,Jose M. Diego,S. Donzelli,S. Donzelli,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,A. Ducout,X. Dupac,George Efstathiou,Franz Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,Edith Falgarone,Yabebal Fantaye,Yabebal Fantaye,James R. Fergusson,R. Fernandez-Cobos,Fabio Finelli,Francesco Forastieri,M. Frailis,E. Franceschi,Andrei V. Frolov,S. Galeotta,S. Galli,K. Ganga,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Ricardo Genova-Santos,Martina Gerbino,Tuhin Ghosh,Tuhin Ghosh,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jon E. Gudmundsson,Jan Hamann,Will Handley,F. K. Hansen,George Helou,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Zhiqi Huang,Andrew H. Jaffe,W. C. Jones,A. Karakci,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,K. Kiiveri,K. Kiiveri,J. B. Kim,Theodore Kisner,Lloyd Knox,Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,J.-M. Lamarre,Mathieu Langer,Anthony Lasenby,Massimiliano Lattanzi,Charles R. Lawrence,M. Le Jeune,J. P. Leahy,Julien Lesgourgues,François Levrier,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Lilley,V. Lindholm,V. Lindholm,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,Yin-Zhe Ma,Yin-Zhe Ma,J. F. Macías-Pérez,Gianmarco Maggio,Davide Maino,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,N. Mandolesi,A. Mangilli,A. Marcos-Caballero,Michele Maris,Peter G. Martin,M. Martinelli,E. Martínez-González,Sabino Matarrese,Sabino Matarrese,N. Mauri,Jason D. McEwen,P. D. Meerburg,P. D. Meerburg,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,A. Mennella,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,M. Migliaccio,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Marius Millea,Subhasish Mitra,Subhasish Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,Diego Molinari,Diego Molinari,A. Moneti,L. Montier,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Adam Moss,S. Mottet,Moritz Münchmeyer,Paolo Natoli,Paolo Natoli,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,Carol Anne Oxborrow,L. Pagano,L. Pagano,D. Paoletti,Bruce Partridge,G. Patanchon,T. J. Pearson,Michael W. Peel,Michael W. Peel,Hiranya V. Peiris,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,L. Polastri,G. Polenta,J.-L. Puget,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,C. Renault,A. Renzi,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,G. Roudier,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,B. Ruiz-Granados,B. Ruiz-Granados,L. Salvati,M. Sandri,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,M. Savelainen,Douglas Scott,E. P. S. Shellard,Maresuke Shiraishi,Maresuke Shiraishi,Chiara Sirignano,Chiara Sirignano,G. Sirri,Locke D. Spencer,R. A. Sunyaev,R. A. Sunyaev,A.-S. Suur-Uski,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J. A. Tauber,D. Tavagnacco,D. Tavagnacco,M. Tenti,Luca Terenzi,L. Toffolatti,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tomasi,Tiziana Trombetti,J. Valiviita,J. Valiviita,B. Van Tent,L. Vibert,L. Vibert,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Martin White,Simon D. M. White,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +254 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the cosmological legacy of the Planck satellite, which provides the strongest constraints on the parameters of the standard cosmology model and some of the tightest limits available on deviations from that model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overview of the DESI legacy imaging surveys
Arjun Dey,David J. Schlegel,Dustin Lang,Dustin Lang,Robert Blum,Kaylan J. Burleigh,Xiaohui Fan,Joseph R. Findlay,D. P. Finkbeiner,David Herrera,Stéphanie Juneau,Martin Landriau,Michael Levi,Ian D. McGreer,Aaron Meisner,Adam D. Myers,John Moustakas,Peter Nugent,Anna Patej,Edward F. Schlafly,Alistair R. Walker,Francisco Valdes,Benjamin A. Weaver,Christophe Yèche,Hu Zou,Xu Zhou,Behzad Abareshi,T. M. C. Abbott,Bela Abolfathi,C. Aguilera,Shadab Alam,Lori Allen,A. Alvarez,James Annis,Behzad Ansarinejad,Marie Aubert,Jacqueline Beechert,Eric F. Bell,Segev BenZvi,Florian Beutler,R. M. Bielby,Adam S. Bolton,Cesar Briceno,E. Buckley-Geer,Karen Butler,Annalisa Calamida,Raymond G. Carlberg,Paul Carter,Ricard Casas,Francisco J. Castander,Y. Choi,Y. Choi,Johan Comparat,Elena Cukanovaite,Timothée Delubac,Kaitlin DeVries,Sharmila Dey,G. Dhungana,Mark Dickinson,Zhejie Ding,John B. Donaldson,Yutong Duan,Christopher Duckworth,Sarah Eftekharzadeh,Daniel J. Eisenstein,Thomas Etourneau,Parker Fagrelius,Jay Farihi,M. Fitzpatrick,Andreu Font-Ribera,Leah Fulmer,Boris T. Gänsicke,Enrique Gaztanaga,Koshy George,D. W. Gerdes,Satya Gontcho A Gontcho,Claudio Gorgoni,Gregory M. Green,Julien Guy,Diane Harmer,M. S. Hernandez,K. Honscheid,Lijuan Wendy Huang,David J. James,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Linhua Jiang,Richard R. Joyce,Armin Karcher,S. Karkar,Robert Kehoe,Jean-Paul Kneib,Andrea Kueter-Young,Ting-Wen Lan,Tod R. Lauer,Laurent Le Guillou,Auguste Le Van Suu,Jae Hyeon Lee,Michael Lesser,Laurence Perreault Levasseur,Tenglin Li,Justin L. Mann,Robert Marshall,C. E. Martínez-Vázquez,Paul Martini,Hélion du Mas des Bourboux,Sean McManus,Tobias Gabriel Meier,Brice Ménard,Nigel Metcalfe,Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez,Joan Najita,Kevin Napier,Gautham Narayan,Jeffrey A. Newman,Jundan Nie,Brian Nord,Brian Nord,Dara Norman,Knut Olsen,Anthony Paat,Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille,Xiyan Peng,Claire L. Poppett,Megan R. Poremba,Abhishek Prakash,David Rabinowitz,Anand Raichoor,Mehdi Rezaie,A. N. Robertson,Natalie A. Roe,Ashley J. Ross,Nicholas P. Ross,Gregory Rudnick,Sasha Safonova,Abhijit Saha,F. Javier Sánchez,Elodie Savary,Heidi Schweiker,A. Scott,Hee-Jong Seo,Huanyuan Shan,David R. Silva,Zachary Slepian,Christian Soto,David Sprayberry,Ryan Staten,C. Stillman,Robert J. Stupak,D. Summers,Suk Sien Tie,H. Tirado,Mariana Vargas-Magaña,A. Katherina Vivas,Risa H. Wechsler,Risa H. Wechsler,D. C. Williams,Jinyi Yang,Qian Yang,T. Yapici,Dennis Zaritsky,Alfredo Zenteno,Kai Zhang,Tianmeng Zhang,Rongpu Zhou,Zhimin Zhou +165 more
TL;DR: The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (http://legacysurvey.org/) as mentioned in this paper is a combination of three public projects (the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey, the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey, and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey) that will jointly image ≈14,000 deg2 of the extragalactic sky visible from the northern hemisphere in three optical bands (g, r, and z) using telescopes at the Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmological constraints from the Hubble diagram of quasars at high redshifts
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present measurements of the expansion rate of the universe based on a Hubble diagram of quasars, whose distances are estimated from their X-ray and ultraviolet emission.
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