Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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TLDR
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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MicroRNAs as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders with a focus on autism spectrum disorder: Current progress in genetic association studies, expression profiling, and translational research.
TL;DR: The role of miRNAs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is focused on and recent findings about ASD‐associated genetic variants in miRNA genes, in mi RNA biogenesis genes, and miRNA targets are summarized.
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SOX Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Neuronal and Glial Differentiation During Nervous System Development and Adult Neurogenesis.
Milena Stevanovic,Danijela Drakulic,Andrijana Lazic,Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic,Marija Schwirtlich,Marija Mojsin +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized current knowledge of the roles of SOX proteins in control of central nervous system development and discussed whether impaired adult neurogenesis, detected in neurodegenerative diseases, could be associated with deregulated SOX protein activities.
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Mathematical Models of Organoid Cultures.
TL;DR: The mathematical and computational approaches proposed so far to describe and predict organoid dynamics are reviewed, reporting the simulation frameworks used and the models’ strengths and limitations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Layer-By-Layer: The Case for 3D Bioprinting Neurons to Create Patient-Specific Epilepsy Models.
Natasha Antill-O'Brien,Justin L Bourke,Justin L Bourke,Cathal D O'Connell,Cathal D O'Connell +4 more
TL;DR: 3D bioprinting of neurons raises particular challenges since the biomaterial environment must be of appropriate softness to allow for the neurite extension, properties which are anathema to building self-supporting 3D structures.
Book ChapterDOI
Consequences of Centrosome Dysfunction During Brain Development.
Maddalena Nano,Renata Basto +1 more
TL;DR: In this chapter, the consequences of centrosome dysfunction during development and how they can contribute to the etiology of human diseases are discussed.
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