Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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TLDR
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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Calcium signaling mediates five types of cell morphological changes to form neural rosettes.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the dismantlement of neural rosettes, mediated by the destruction of cytoskeletal elements, promotes neurogenesis and astrogenesis prematurely, indicating that an intact rosette structure is essential for orderly neural development.
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Therapeutic Potential of Patient iPSC-Derived iMelanocytes in Autologous Transplantation.
Li-Ping Liu,Yu-Mei Li,Ning-Ning Guo,Li Shu,Xiaolong Ma,Yi-Xuan Zhang,Yimeng Gao,Jian-Ling Huang,Dong-Xu Zheng,Lu-Yuan Wang,Hui Xu,Lijian Hui,Lijian Hui,Yun-Wen Zheng,Yun-Wen Zheng,Yun-Wen Zheng +15 more
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Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century.
Ellen Fritsche,Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann,Julia Kapr,Saskia Galanjuk,Julia Hartmann,Peter R. Mertens,Angela A. M. Kämpfer,Roel P.F. Schins,Julia Tigges,Katharina Koch +9 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Potential ethical problems with human cerebral organoids: Consciousness and moral status of future brains in a dish
TL;DR: The hypothesis that HCOs might develop a primitive form of consciousness is considered and the ways in which it could be detected are investigated and some cautionary measures are introduced into research on and with human cerebral organoids are pointed out.
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Three-dimensional pancreas organogenesis models.
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