Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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TLDR
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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Tumor organoids: synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various methods for the creation of cancer organoids and summarize organ-specific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments as well as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoid.
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Harnessing the Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing for the Treatment of Retinal Degeneration
Patrick Ovando-Roche,Anastasios Georgiadis,Alexander J. Smith,Rachael A. Pearson,Robin R. Ali +4 more
TL;DR: This brief review will discuss some of the issues that should be taken into account when carrying out disease modelling and gene editing of retinal cells and the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the importance of using isogenic iPSC lines as controls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Directed midbrain and spinal cord neurogenesis from pluripotent stem cells to model development and disease in a dish
Ilary Allodi,Eva Hedlund +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in neuronal fate induction in vitro are reviewed, with a focus on the interplay between cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the implications for studying development and disease in a dish are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrophysiological Analysis of Brain Organoids: Current Approaches and Advancements
TL;DR: A review of electrophysiological technologies and analytical methods for brain organoid analysis is presented in this paper, with a focus on advances with applicability to brain organoids analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
NR2F1 regulates regional progenitor dynamics in the mouse neocortex and cortical gyrification in BBSOAS patients.
Michele Bertacchi,Anna Lisa Romano,Agnès Loubat,Frédéric Tran Mau-Them,Marjolaine Willems,Laurence Faivre,Philippe Khau Van Kien,Laurence Perrin,Françoise Devillard,Arthur Sorlin,Paul Kuentz,Christophe Philippe,Aurore Garde,Francesco Neri,Francesco Neri,Rossella Di Giaimo,Rossella Di Giaimo,Salvatore Oliviero,Silvia Cappello,Ludovico D'Incerti,Carolina Frassoni,Michèle Studer +21 more
TL;DR: It is found that Nr2f1 regionally controls long‐term self‐renewal of neural progenitor cells via modulation of cell cycle genes and key cortical development master genes, such as Pax6, in the BBSOAS mouse model.
References
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