Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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TLDR
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
Citations
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Stem cells: Small but beautiful.
TL;DR: Neuroectoderm derived from human pluripotent stem cells can self-organize in vitro into a three-dimensional brain-like structure.
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Modeling Huntington׳s disease with patient-derived neurons
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Towards long term cultivation of Drosophila wing imaginal discs in vitro.
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Organoid technology in cancer precision medicine.
TL;DR: The developmental details, current achievements, applications and challenges of organoid technology in precision cancer medicine are discussed.
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Spatial and temporal control of cell aggregation efficiently directs human pluripotent stem cells towards neural commitment.
Cláudia C. Miranda,Tiago G. Fernandes,Jorge F. Pascoal,Simone Haupt,Oliver Brüstle,Joaquim M. S. Cabral,Maria Margarida Diogo +6 more
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that upon single-cell inoculation, after four days of culture, 3D aggregates were composed of homogenous populations of hPSC and were characterized by an average diameter of 139 ± 26 μm, which was determined to be the optimal size to initiate neural commitment.
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