Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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TLDR
A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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Utilizing stem cells for three-dimensional neural tissue engineering
Stephanie Knowlton,Yong Ku Cho,Xue-Jun Li,Ali Khademhosseini,Ali Khademhosseini,Savas Tasoglu +5 more
TL;DR: The vast potential, as well as the current challenges, unique to integration of 3D fabrication strategies and stem cells into neural tissue engineering are discussed.
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Cortical neurogenesis from pluripotent stem cells: Complexity emerging from simplicity
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Engineering Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Glioma Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Microenvironment.
Henry Ruiz-Garcia,Keila Alvarado-Estrada,Paula Schiapparelli,Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa,Daniel M. Trifiletti +4 more
TL;DR: The introduction of three-dimensional tumor platforms, such as organoids and 3D bioprinting, has allowed for a better representation of the pathophysiologic interactions between glioma CSCs and the TME, which has enabled a more detailed study ofglioma biology, tumor angiogenesis, treatment resistance, and even performing high-throughput screening assays of drug susceptibility.
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Lipid-Bilayer-Supported 3D Printing of Human Cerebral Cortex Cells Reveals Developmental Interactions.
TL;DR: A lipid‐bilayer‐supported printing technique is developed to 3D print human cortical cells in the soft, biocompatible ECM, Matrigel, and it is found that hNSC process outgrowth and migration into cell‐free matrix and into astrocyte‐containing matrix are similar in extent.
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Challenges in understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics: a role for zebrafish.
Jasmine M. McCammon,Hazel Sive +1 more
TL;DR: The strengths and limitations of prevalent laboratory models that are used for understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics are discussed, with emphasis on the zebrafish.
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